Clupeiformes is the order of

ray-finned fish Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fishes, is a class of bony fish. They comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. The ray-finned fishes are so called because their fins are webs of skin supported by bony or h ...

that includes the

herring Herring are forage fish, mostly belonging to the family of Clupeidae. Herring often move in large schools around fishing banks and near the coast, found particularly in shallow, temperate waters of the North Pacific and North Atlantic Ocea ...

family,

Clupeidae Clupeidae is a family of ray-finned fishes, comprising, for instance, the herrings, shads, sardines, hilsa, and menhadens. The clupeoids include many of the most important food fishes in the world, and are also commonly caught for production ...

, and the

anchovy An anchovy is a small, common forage fish of the family Engraulidae. Most species are found in marine waters, but several will enter brackish water, and some in South America are restricted to fresh water. More than 140 species are placed in 1 ...

family,

Engraulidae An anchovy is a small, common forage fish of the family Engraulidae. Most species are found in marine waters, but several will enter brackish water, and some in South America are restricted to fresh water. More than 140 species are placed in 1 ...

. The group includes many of the most important

forage Forage is a plant material (mainly plant leaves and stems) eaten by grazing livestock. Historically, the term ''forage'' has meant only plants eaten by the animals directly as pasture, crop residue, or immature cereal crops, but it is also us ...

and

food fish Food is any substance consumed by an organism for nutritional support. Food is usually of plant, animal, or fungal origin, and contains essential nutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals. The substance is inges ...

. Clupeiformes are

physostome Physostomes are fishes that have a pneumatic duct connecting the gas bladder to the alimentary canal. This allows the gas bladder to be filled or emptied via the mouth. This not only allows the fish to fill their bladder by gulping air, but also t ...

s, which means that their

gas bladder The swim bladder, gas bladder, fish maw, or air bladder is an internal gas-filled organ that contributes to the ability of many bony fish (but not cartilaginous fish) to control their buoyancy, and thus to stay at their current water depth wi ...

has a

pneumatic duct The swim bladder, gas bladder, fish maw, or air bladder is an internal gas-filled organ that contributes to the ability of many bony fish (but not cartilaginous fish) to control their buoyancy, and thus to stay at their current water depth wi ...

connecting it to the

gut Gut or guts may refer to: Anatomy * Abdomen or belly, the region of a vertebrate between the chest and pelvis * Abdominal obesity or "a gut", a large deposit of belly fat * Gastrointestinal tract or gut, the system of digestive organs * Ins ...

. They typically lack a lateral line, but still have the eyes,

fins A fin is a thin component or appendage attached to a larger body or structure. Fins typically function as foils that produce lift or thrust, or provide the ability to steer or stabilize motion while traveling in water, air, or other fluids. F ...

and

scales Scale or scales may refer to: Mathematics * Scale (descriptive set theory), an object defined on a set of points * Scale (ratio), the ratio of a linear dimension of a model to the corresponding dimension of the original * Scale factor, a number ...

that are common to most fish, though not all fish have these attributes. They are generally silvery fish with streamlined, spindle-shaped, bodies, and they often

school A school is an educational institution designed to provide learning spaces and learning environments for the teaching of students under the direction of teachers. Most countries have systems of formal education, which is sometimes compu ...

. Most species eat

plankton Plankton are the diverse collection of organisms found in water (or air) that are unable to propel themselves against a current (or wind). The individual organisms constituting plankton are called plankters. In the ocean, they provide a cr ...

which they filter from the water with their

gill raker Gill rakers in fish are bony or cartilaginous processes that project from the branchial arch (gill arch) and are involved with suspension feeding tiny prey. They are not to be confused with the gill filaments that compose the fleshy part of th ...

s. The former order of Isospondyli was subsumed mostly by Clupeiformes, but some isospondylous fishes (isospondyls) were assigned to

Osteoglossiformes Osteoglossiformes (Greek: "bony tongues") is a relatively primitive order of ray-finned fish that contains two sub-orders, the Osteoglossoidei and the Notopteroidei. All of at least 245 living species inhabit freshwater. They are found in Sout ...

Salmoniformes Salmonidae is a family of ray-finned fish that constitutes the only currently extant family in the order Salmoniformes . It includes salmon (both Atlantic and Pacific species), trout (both ocean-going and landlocked), chars, freshwater whitefish ...

Cetomimiformes The Cetomimiformes or whalefishes are an order of small, deep-sea ray-finned fish. Some authoritiesE.g. Nelson (2006) include the whalefishes as part of the order Stephanoberyciformes, within the superfamily Cetomimoidea. Their sister order, the ...

, etc.

Families

The order includes about 405 species in seven families: * Order Clupeiformes ** Suborder Denticipitoidei *** Family

Denticipitidae The denticle herring (''Denticeps clupeoides'') is a small, up to long, species of ray-finned fish found only in the rivers of Benin, Nigeria, and western Cameroon. It is related to the herrings, but notable for its large anal fin and its array ...

(denticle herring) ** Suborder Clupeoidei *** Family

(anchovies) **** Subfamily Coiliinae **** Subfamily Engraulinae *** Family

Spratelloididae Spratelloididae is a family of clupeiform fishes. It is now recognized by FishBase as a family in its own right; it had been considered to be a subfamily of Clupeidae. It contains two extant Extant is the opposite of the word extinct. It ma ...

*** Family

Pristigasteridae Pristigasteridae is a family of ray-finned fish related to the herrings, including the genera '' Ilisha'', ''Pellona'', and ''Pristigaster''. One common name for the taxon is longfin herring. The taxonomic classification of this family is in doub ...

(longfin herrings) **** Subfamily

Pristigasterinae Pristigasteridae is a family of ray-finned fish related to the herrings, including the genera '' Ilisha'', '' Pellona'', and '' Pristigaster''. One common name for the taxon is longfin herring. The taxonomic classification of this family is in do ...

**** Subfamily

Pelloninae Pristigasteridae is a family of ray-finned fish related to the herrings, including the genera '' Ilisha'', '' Pellona'', and '' Pristigaster''. One common name for the taxon is longfin herring. The taxonomic classification of this family is in do ...

*** Family

Chirocentridae The wolf herrings are a family (Chirocentridae) of two marine species of ray-finned fish related to the herrings. Both species have elongated bodies and jaws with long sharp teeth that facilitate their ravenous appetites, mostly for other fish. ...

(wolf herrings) *** Family

Dussumieriidae Dussumieriidae is a family of clupeiform fishes popularly called the "round herrings". It is now recognized by FishBase as a family in its own right; it had been considered to be a subfamily of Clupeidae. It contains two extant genera, and o ...

(round herrings) *** Family

ncl. Sundasalangidae) (herrings, sardines, shads, and menhadens) **** Subfamily Clupeinae">Sundasalangidae.html" ;"title="ncl. Sundasalangidae">ncl. Sundasalangidae) (herrings, sardines, shads, and menhadens) **** Subfamily Clupeinae **** Subfamily Ehiravinae **** Subfamily Alosinae **** Subfamily Dorosomatinae **** Subfamily Pellonulinae

Timeline of genera

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Early Early may refer to: History * The beginning or oldest part of a defined historical period, as opposed to middle or late periods, e.g.: ** Early Christianity ** Early modern Europe Places in the United States * Early, Iowa * Early, Texas * Ea ...

from: -175.6 till: -161.2 color:middlejurassic text:

Middle Middle or The Middle may refer to: * Centre (geometry), the point equally distant from the outer limits. Places * Middle (sheading), a subdivision of the Isle of Man * Middle Bay (disambiguation) * Middle Brook (disambiguation) * Middle Creek (d ...

from: -161.2 till: -145.5 color:latejurassic text:

Late Late may refer to: * LATE, an acronym which could stand for: ** Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy, a proposed form of dementia ** Local-authority trading enterprise, a New Zealand business law ** Local average treatment effect, ...

from: -145.5 till: -99.6 color:earlycretaceous text:

from: -99.6 till: -65.5 color:latecretaceous text:

from: -65.5 till: -55.8 color:paleocene text: Paleo. from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text: Eo. from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text: Oligo. from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text: Mio. from: -5.332 till: -2.588 color:pliocene text:

Pl. PL, P.L., Pl, or .pl may refer to: Businesses and organizations Government and political * Partit Laburista, a Maltese political party * Liberal Party (Brazil, 2006), a Brazilian political party * Liberal Party (Moldova), a Moldovan political p ...

from: -2.588 till: -0.0117 color:pleistocene text:

from: -0.0117 till: 0 color:holocene text: H. bar:eratop from: -199.6 till: -145.5 color:jurassic text:

Jurassic The Jurassic ( ) is a Geological period, geologic period and System (stratigraphy), stratigraphic system that spanned from the end of the Triassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period, approximately Mya. The J ...

from: -145.5 till: -65.5 color:cretaceous text:

Cretaceous The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era, as well as the longest. At around 79 million years, it is the longest geological period of ...

from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:

Paleogene The Paleogene ( ; also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene; informally Lower Tertiary or Early Tertiary) is a geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of ...

from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:

Neogene The Neogene ( ), informally Upper Tertiary or Late Tertiary, is a geologic period and system that spans 20.45 million years from the end of the Paleogene Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the present Quaternary Period Mya. ...

from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text: Q. PlotData= align:left fontsize:M mark:(line,white) width:5 anchor:till align:left color:latejurassic bar:NAM1 from:-161.2 till:-149.03 text:

Pachythrissops ''Pachythrissops'' is an extinct genus of ray-finned fish. It contains two species, ''P. laevis'' from the Purbeckian of England and ''P. propterus'' from the Tithonian of Germany. A third species, ''P. vectensis'', has been reassigned to the ...

color:latejurassic bar:NAM2 from:-150.8 till:-149.03 text:

Daitingichthys ''Daitingichthys'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the early Toarcian stage of the Early Jurassic The Early Jurassic Epoch (in chronostratigraphy corresponding to the Lower Jurassic Series) is the earliest of thr ...

color:latecretaceous bar:NAM3 from:-99.6 till:-93.5 text:

Ornategulum ''Ornategulum'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the Cenomanian The Cenomanian is, in the ICS' geological timescale, the oldest or earliest age of the Late Cretaceous Epoch or the lowest stage of the Upper Cretace ...

color:latecretaceous bar:NAM4 from:-99.6 till:-93.5 text:

Scombroclupea ''Scombroclupea'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the Cenomanian The Cenomanian is, in the ICS' geological timescale, the oldest or earliest age of the Late Cretaceous Epoch or the lowest stage of the Upper Creta ...

color:latecretaceous bar:NAM5 from:-94.3 till:-85.8 text:

Leufuichthys ''Leufuichthys'' (" Leufú fish") is an extinct genus of clupeomorph fish which existed in Patagonia, Argentina during the late Cretaceous epoch (Turonian or Coniacian stage). It is known from the holotype – MUCPv 371, an incomplete specime ...

color:latecretaceous bar:NAM6 from:-85.8 till:-83.5 text:

Histiothrissa ''Histiothrissa'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric ray-finned fish that lived during the Santonian. References Clupeiformes Late Cretaceous fish Prehistoric ray-finned fish genera {{clupeiformes-stub ...

color:latecretaceous bar:NAM7 from:-70.6 till:-65.5 text:

Gasteroclupea ''Gasteroclupea'' is a genus of prehistoric clupeiform fish that is related to modern anchovies and herrings. Its fossils date back to the Maastrichtian stage of the Late Cretaceous period. Fossils of the genus have been found in the Yacoraite ...

color:eocene bar:NAM6 from:-55.8 till:-48.6 text:

Knightia ''Knightia'' is an extinct genus of clupeid bony fish that lived in the freshwater lakes and rivers of North America and Asia during the Eocene epoch. The genus was erected by David Starr Jordan in 1907, in honor of the late University of ...

color:eocene bar:NAM8 from:-55.8 till:-33.9 text:

Hacquetia ''Hacquetia'' may refer to: * ''Hacquetia'' (fish), a genus of prehistoric fishes in the order Clupeiformes * '' Hacquetia (journal)'', academic journal from Slovenia *''Hacquetia'', a former plant genus in the family Apiaceae with the only speci ...

color:eocene bar:NAM9 from:-55.8 till:0 text:

Clupea ''Clupea'' is genus of planktivorous bony fish belonging to the family Clupeidae, commonly known as herrings. They are found in the shallow, temperate waters of the North Pacific and the North Atlantic oceans, including the Baltic Sea. Two main ...

color:eocene bar:NAM10 from:-55.8 till:0 text:

Harengula ''Harengula'' is a genus of herrings that occur mostly in the western Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, with one species in the eastern Pacific Ocean. There are currently four described species. Species * '' Harengula clupeola'' (C ...

color:eocene bar:NAM11 from:-55.8 till:0 text:

Chirocentrus The wolf herrings are a family (biology), family (Chirocentridae) of two marine species of ray-finned fish related to the herrings. Both species have elongated bodies and jaws with long sharp teeth that facilitate their ravenous appetites, mostl ...

color:eocene bar:NAM12 from:-48.6 till:0 text: Etrumeus color:eocene bar:NAM13 from:-48.6 till:0 text:

Sardinella ''Sardinella'' is a genus of fish in the family Clupeidae found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Ocean. They are abundant in warmer waters of the tropical and subtropical oceans. Adults are generally coastal, schooling, marine fish but juv ...

color:eocene bar:NAM14 from:-37.2 till:0 text:

Alosa ''Alosa'' is a genus of fish, the river herrings, in the family Clupeidae. Along with other genera in the subfamily Alosinae, they are generally known as shads. tp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/ac482e/ac482e27.pdf Subfamily AlosinaeFAO Fisherie ...

color:oligocene bar:NAM15 from:-33.9 till:0 text:

Opisthonema ''Opisthonema'' is a genus of herrings, the thread herrings, found in tropical waters of the Western Hemisphere. They get their name from a filamentous nature of the last ray of the dorsal fin. Currently, five species are in this genus. Specie ...

color:oligocene bar:NAM16 from:-33.9 till:0 text: Pomolobus color:oligocene bar:NAM17 from:-28.4 till:0 text:

Sardina Sardina may refer to: * Alexander-Martin Sardina, German-Italian scientist and former member of parliament * ''Sardina pilchardus'', the European pilchard in the monotypic genus ''Sardina'' * ''Case Sardina'', a district of the city of Calcinaia i ...

color:miocene bar:NAM18 from:-23.03 till:0 text:

Stolephorus ''Stolephorus'' is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Engraulidae. Species These are the currently recognized species in this genus: * ''Stolephorus acinaces'' Harutaka Hata & Sébastien Lavoué & Motomura, 2020 * ''Stolephorus advenus'' ...

color:miocene bar:NAM19 from:-23.03 till:0 text:

Anchoa ''Anchoa'' is a genus of ray-finned fishes in the family Engraulidae. It currently consists of 35 species. Species There are currently 35 recognized species in this genus: * ''Anchoa analis'' ( R. R. Miller, 1945) (Longfin Pacific anchovy) * '' ...

color:miocene bar:NAM20 from:-23.03 till:0 text: Ilisha color:miocene bar:NAM21 from:-23.03 till:0 text:

Sardinops ''Sardinops'' is a monotypic genus of sardines of the family Clupeidae. The only member of the genus is ''Sardinops sagax''. It is found in the Indo-Pacific and East Pacific oceans. Its length is up to . It has numerous common or vernacular names ...

color:miocene bar:NAM22 from:-15.97 till:0 text: Pseudohilsa color:miocene bar:NAM23 from:-11.608 till:-5.332 text:

Alisea ''Alisea'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish Osteichthyes (), popularly referred to as the bony fish, is a diverse superclass of fish that have skeletons primarily composed of bone tissue. They can be contrasted with the Chondrich ...

color:miocene bar:NAM24 from:-11.608 till:-5.332 text:

Etringus ''Etringus'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish Osteichthyes (), popularly referred to as the bony fish, is a diverse superclass of fish that have skeletons primarily composed of bone tissue. They can be contrasted with the Chondri ...

color:miocene bar:NAM25 from:-11.608 till:-5.332 text:

Ganoessus ''Ganoessus'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish Osteichthyes (), popularly referred to as the bony fish, is a diverse superclass of fish that have skeletons primarily composed of bone tissue. They can be contrasted with the Chondr ...

color:miocene bar:NAM26 from:-11.608 till:-5.332 text:

Ganolytes ''Ganolytes'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish Osteichthyes (), popularly referred to as the bony fish, is a diverse superclass of fish that have skeletons primarily composed of bone tissue. They can be contrasted with the Chondr ...

color:miocene bar:NAM27 from:-11.608 till:-5.332 text:

Quisque ''Quisque'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric herring Herring are forage fish, mostly belonging to the family of Clupeidae. Herring often move in large schools around fishing banks and near the coast, found particularly in shallow, temperat ...

color:miocene bar:NAM28 from:-11.608 till:-5.332 text:

Xyne ''Xyne'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric herring that lived during the Upper Miocene subepoch. There are two species described: the type species, ''X. grex'', and a second, deeper-bodied species, ''X. fitgeri''. Fossils are known from the D ...

color:miocene bar:NAM29 from:-11.608 till:0 text:

Engraulis ''Engraulis'' is a genus of anchovies. It currently contains nine species. Species * '' Engraulis albidus'' Borsa, Collet & J. D. Durand, 2004 (White anchovy) * ''Engraulis anchoita'' C. L. Hubbs & Marini, 1935 (Argentine anchoita) * ''Engra ...

color:miocene bar:NAM30 from:-11.608 till:0 text: Sarmatella color:pliocene bar:NAM31 from:-5.332 till:-2.588 text:

Austroclupea ''Austroclupea'' is an extinct genus of freshwater ray-finned fish that lived during the Pliocene epoch. It contains a single species, ''A. zuninoi'' from Argentina. It was a relative of modern herring in the family Clupeidae. It is one of t ...

PlotData= align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25 bar:period from: -199.6 till: -175.6 color:earlyjurassic text:

from: -175.6 till: -161.2 color:middlejurassic text:

from: -161.2 till: -145.5 color:latejurassic text:

from: -145.5 till: -99.6 color:earlycretaceous text:

from: -99.6 till: -65.5 color:latecretaceous text:

from: -2.588 till: -0.0117 color:pleistocene text:

from: -0.0117 till: 0 color:holocene text: H. bar:era from: -199.6 till: -145.5 color:jurassic text:

from: -145.5 till: -65.5 color:cretaceous text:

from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:

from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:

from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text: Q.

References

* {{Authority control Ray-finned fish orders Taxa named by Pieter Bleeker