Close central compressed vowel

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The close central rounded vowel, or high central rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is }. Both the symbol and the sound are commonly referred to as "barred u".

The close central rounded vowel is the vocalic equivalent of the rare labialized post-palatal approximant .

In most languages this rounded vowel is pronounced with protruded lips (''endolabial''). However, in a few cases the lips are compressed (''exolabial'').

Some languages feature the near-close central rounded vowel, which is slightly lower. It is most often transcribed in IPA with , and , but is also a possible transcription. The symbol , a conflation of and , is used as an unofficial extension of the IPA to represent this sound by a number of publications, such as ''Accents of English'' by John C. Wells. In the third edition of the ''Oxford English Dictionary'', represents free variation between and .

Close central protruded vowel

The close central protruded vowel is typically transcribed in IPA simply as , and that is the convention used in this article. As there is no dedicated diacritic for protrusion in the IPA, symbol for the close central rounded vowel with an old diacritic for labialization, , can be used as an ''ad hoc'' symbol for the close central protruded vowel. Another possible transcription is or (a close central vowel modified by endolabialization), but this could be misread as a diphthong.

Features

Occurrence

Because central rounded vowels are assumed to have protrusion, and few descriptions cover the distinction, some of the following may actually have compression.

Close central compressed vowel

As there is no official diacritic for compression in the IPA, the centering diacritic is used with the front rounded vowel , which is normally compressed. Other possible transcriptions are (simultaneous and labial compression) and ( modified with labial compression).

Features

Occurrence

This vowel is typically transcribed in IPA with . It occurs in some dialects of Swedish, but see also close front compressed vowel. The close back vowels of Norwegian and Swedish are also compressed. See close back compressed vowel. It also occurs in Japanese as an allophone. Medumba has a compressed central vowel where the corners of the mouth are not drawn together.

See also

*Close back compressed vowel
*Close front protruded vowel

Notes

References

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External links

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{{IPA navigation

Close vowels
Central vowels
Rounded vowels