Clobenzorex is a

central nervous system The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting primarily of the brain, spinal cord and retina. The CNS is so named because the brain integrates the received information and coordinates and influences the activity o ...

stimulant Stimulants (also known as central nervous system stimulants, or psychostimulants, or colloquially as uppers) are a class of drugs that increase alertness. They are used for various purposes, such as enhancing attention, motivation, cognition, ...

and

anorectic An anorectic is a drug that reduces appetite, resulting in lower food consumption, leading to weight loss. These substances work by affecting the central nervous system or certain neurotransmitters to create a feeling of fullness or reduce the desi ...

drug, chemically classified as an ''N''-

substituted amphetamine Substituted amphetamines, or simply amphetamines, are a chemical class, class of compounds based upon the amphetamine structure; it includes all derivative (chemistry), derivative compounds which are formed by replacing, or substitution reacti ...

and a

phenethylamine Phenethylamine (PEA) is an organic compound, natural monoamine alkaloid, and trace amine, which acts as a central nervous system stimulant in humans. In the brain, phenethylamine regulates monoamine neurotransmission by binding to trace ami ...

Marketed Marketing is the act of acquiring, satisfying and retaining customers. It is one of the primary components of business management and commerce. Marketing is usually conducted by the seller, typically a retailer or manufacturer. Products can ...

by Aventis under the

trade name A trade name, trading name, or business name is a pseudonym used by companies that do not operate under their registered company name. The term for this type of alternative name is fictitious business name. Registering the fictitious name with ...

Asenlix in India, Mexico, Honduras, and other parts of

Latin America Latin America is the cultural region of the Americas where Romance languages are predominantly spoken, primarily Spanish language, Spanish and Portuguese language, Portuguese. Latin America is defined according to cultural identity, not geogr ...

. A

prodrug A prodrug is a pharmacologically inactive medication or compound that, after intake, is metabolized (i.e., converted within the body) into a pharmacologically active drug. Instead of administering a drug directly, a corresponding prodrug can be ...

amphetamine Amphetamine (contracted from Alpha and beta carbon, alpha-methylphenethylamine, methylphenethylamine) is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, an ...

, clobenzorex is metabolized within hours of ingestion into 4-hydroxyclobenzorex and, in smaller amounts, amphetamine.

Chemistry

Synthesis

Condensation between

(1) and

2-chlorobenzaldehyde 2-Chlorobenzaldehyde (''o''-chlorobenzaldehyde) is an organic compound with the formula . It is one of three isomeric monochlorinated benzaldehyde. 3-Chlorobenzaldehyde and 4-chlorobenzaldehyde are the other isomers. Whereas benzaldehyde is ...

(2) gives a

Schiff-base In organic chemistry, a Schiff base (named after Hugo Schiff) is a compound with the general structure ( = alkyl or aryl, but not hydrogen). They can be considered a sub-class of imines, being either secondary ketimines or secondary aldimin ...

CID:135056236
(3). Subsequent reduction with

sodium borohydride Sodium borohydride, also known as sodium tetrahydridoborate and sodium tetrahydroborate, is an inorganic compound with the formula (sometimes written as ). It is a white crystalline solid, usually encountered as an aqueous basic solution. Sodi ...

completed the synthesis of clobenzorex (4).

Urinalysis

Clobenzorex can be detected by urine drug screening. It is one of many drugs that can cause a positive result for amphetamine in urine drug screening. It may be differentiated from use of amphetamine itself through testing for metabolites such as 4-hydroxyclobenzorex or enantiomeric analysis.

Legal Status

Brazil

In Brazil, clobenzorex is a controlled prohibited psychotropic (class A3).

Canada

In Canada, clobenzorex is not specifically listed per the

Controlled Drugs and Substances Act Control may refer to: Basic meanings Economics and business * Control (management), an element of management * Control, an element of management accounting * Comptroller (or controller), a senior financial officer in an organization * Controll ...

Mexico

In Mexico, clobenzorex is available for sale

over the counter Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are medicines sold directly to a consumer without a requirement for a prescription from a healthcare professional, as opposed to prescription drugs, which may be supplied only to consumers possessing a valid pres ...

at many Mexican pharmacies under the primary brand Asenlix, as well as generic

trade names A trade name, trading name, or business name is a pseudonym used by companies that do not operate under their registered company name. The term for this type of alternative name is fictitious business name. Registering the fictitious name with ...

like Dinintel, Finedal, Rexigen, Itravil, all of which are available via prescription in India, and OTC in Mexico and Honduras, typically used as an

appetite suppressant An anorectic is a drug that reduces appetite, resulting in lower food consumption, leading to weight loss. These substances work by affecting the central nervous system or certain neurotransmitters to create a feeling of fullness or reduce the desi ...

United Kingdom

In the

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...

, clobenzorex is a controlled drug (class B).

United States

Clobenzorex is not controlled under the

Controlled Substances Act of 1970 The Controlled Substances Act (CSA) is the statute establishing federal U.S. drug policy under which the manufacture, importation, possession, use, and distribution of certain substances is regulated. It was passed by the 91st United States ...

nor is it controlled under the

Federal Analogue Act The Federal Analogue Act, , is a section of the United States Controlled Substances Act passed in 1986 which allows any chemical "substantially similar" to a controlled substance listed in Schedule I or II to be treated as if it were listed ...

, as it is a derivative of

benzphetamine Benzphetamine, sold under the brand name Didrex among others, is an amphetamine-type stimulant and appetite suppressant used short-term for weight loss along with a doctor-approved, reduced-calorie diet, exercise, and behavioral program. It ...

. It is not subject to import controls and is legal to import and possess for personal medical use, provided all of the following conditions are met: #It is used to treat a condition with no FDA-approved medications or an

orphan drug An orphan drug is a medication, pharmaceutical agent that is developed to treat certain rare medical conditions. An orphan drug would not be profitable to produce without government assistance, due to the small population of patients affected by th ...

does not effectively treat a condition, and the risks of use have not been determined to outweigh to benefits of treatment; #is not being deceptively and unlawfully marketed; and #is part of an ongoing medical treatment plan that began in a foreign country.

World Anti-Doping Agency

The use of clobenzorex is banned by the

World Anti-Doping Agency The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA; , AMA) is an international organization co-founded by the governments of over 140 nations along with the International Olympic Committee based in Canada to promote, coordinate, and monitor the fight against d ...

for use during sports competitions as an athletic performance enhancer ("doping").

References

{{Phenethylamines Anorectics Substituted amphetamines Prodrugs 2-Chlorophenyl compounds Norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agents