William Clifford Clark, (April 18, 1889 – December 27, 1952) was a Canadian
professor
Professor (commonly abbreviated as Prof.) is an Academy, academic rank at university, universities and other tertiary education, post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries. Literally, ''professor'' derives from Latin ...
,
economist
An economist is a professional and practitioner in the social sciences, social science discipline of economics.
The individual may also study, develop, and apply theories and concepts from economics and write about economic policy. Within this ...
, and
civil servant
The civil service is a collective term for a sector of government composed mainly of career civil service personnel hired rather than elected, whose institutional tenure typically survives transitions of political leadership. A civil service offic ...
.
He earned his MA from
Queen's University receiving honours in Latin, French, English, History, and Political and Economic Science. He did graduate studies in economics with
F. W. Taussig at
Harvard
Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Founded in 1636 and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of higher lear ...
. He returned to teach at Queen's in 1915, where he became the first head of the Commerce program in 1919. In 1923, Clark left to work for American investment firm S. W. Straus and Company, returning to Queen's after the company went bankrupt in the
Great Depression
The Great Depression was a severe global economic downturn from 1929 to 1939. The period was characterized by high rates of unemployment and poverty, drastic reductions in industrial production and international trade, and widespread bank and ...
.
At the instigation of Oscar D. Skelton, Clark wrote a well-received memorandum on monetary policy for the 1932 British Empire Economic Conference
The British Empire Economic Conference (also known as the Imperial Economic Conference or Ottawa Conference) was a 1932 conference of British colonies and dominions held to discuss the Great Depression. It was held between 21 July and 20 Augus ...
in Ottawa. Shortly afterwards, he was appointed Deputy Minister in the Department of Finance by R. B. Bennett, a position he held until his death in 1952.[ As deputy minister, Clark helped to establish the ]Bank of Canada
The Bank of Canada (BoC; ) is a Crown corporations of Canada, Crown corporation and Canada's central bank. Chartered in 1934 under the ''Bank of Canada Act'', it is responsible for formulating Canada's monetary policy,OECD. OECD Economic Surve ...
in 1934, and he chaired the World War II Economic Advisory Committee. He supported a series of mortgage-assistance measures, and he helped convince Mackenzie King
William Lyon Mackenzie King (December 17, 1874 – July 22, 1950) was a Canadian statesman and politician who was the tenth prime minister of Canada for three non-consecutive terms from 1921 to 1926, 1926 to 1930, and 1935 to 1948. A Liberal ...
to adopt the 1944 Family Allowance Act
The ''Family Allowance Act'' () is an Act of the Parliament of Canada, legislated in 1944 and initiated in 1945, as the first universal welfare program implemented in Canada, passed under the leadership of Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie Kin ...
. Clark improved the capacity of the Department of Finance by putting together an outstanding group of expert administrators which ushered in a "golden age of Canadian public administration."[
The ''Clifford Clark Visiting Economist'' position in the federal Department of Finance is named in honour of Clark.
Queen's University has established a public policy foundation which jointly honours Clifford Clark and Oscar D. Skelton.]
Works
* 1918: (with Eric Walter Zimmerman
Foreign Trade and Shipping
volume 15 in Modern Business series of Alexander Hamilton Institute, New York, link from Internet Archive
The Internet Archive is an American 501(c)(3) organization, non-profit organization founded in 1996 by Brewster Kahle that runs a digital library website, archive.org. It provides free access to collections of digitized media including web ...
.
* In ''Bulletin of the Department of History and Political Science'' at Queen's University:
** 1916: The country elevator in the Canadian West
** 1918: Should maximum prices be fixed?
** 1921: Business cycles and the depression of 1920–1.
* 1930: (with John Lyndhurst Kingston): The skyscraper; a study in the economic height of modern office buildings.[
]
References
Further reading
* Robert Wardhaugh, ''Behind the Scenes: the Life and Work of William Clifford Clark'' (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2010)
* J.L. Granatstein, ''The Ottawa Men: The Civil Service Mandarins 1935-1957'' (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1982)
Clifford Clark
at The Canadian Encyclopedia
''The Canadian Encyclopedia'' (TCE; ) is the national encyclopedia of Canada, published online by the Toronto-based historical organization Historica Canada, with financial support by the federal Department of Canadian Heritage and Society of Com ...
External links
Clifford Clark
at The Canadian Encyclopedia
''The Canadian Encyclopedia'' (TCE; ) is the national encyclopedia of Canada, published online by the Toronto-based historical organization Historica Canada, with financial support by the federal Department of Canadian Heritage and Society of Com ...
1889 births
1952 deaths
20th-century Canadian civil servants
Canadian economists
Queen's University at Kingston alumni
Academic staff of Queen's University at Kingston
Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)
Canadian Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
Presidents of the Canadian Political Science Association
20th-century Canadian political scientists
People from the United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry
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