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''Cleome'' is a
''Cleome'' list
Flora Europaea
''Cleome'' list
/ref>USDA Plants Profile
''Cleome'' list
/ref>Efloras
''Cleome'' search results
/ref> *'' Cleome aculeata'' – tropical *''
''Cleome gynandra'' is used as a vegetable crop. ''C. houtteana'' is a commonly cultivated ornamental plant with purple, pink, or white flowers.
File:Cleome chelidonii plant.jpg, '' Cleome chelidonii''
File:Cleome foliosa IMG 8601.JPG, ''Cleome foliosa'', from arid region in
''Tarenaya Rafinesque''
/ref> a common garden ornamental File:Cleome monophylla W3 IMG_1882.jpg, '' Cleome monophylla'' File:Cleome oxyphylla var. oxyphylla 1DS-II 7380.jpg, '' Cleome oxyphylla'' File:Cleome rutidosperma 05859.jpg, '' Cleome rutidosperma'' File:Cleome spinosa 2012.jpg, '' Cleome spinosa'' File:Cleome_viscosa_by_kadavoor.jpg, '' Cleome viscosa''
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of flowering plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed with ...
s in the family
Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
Cleomaceae
The Cleomaceae are a small family of flowering plants in the order Brassicales, comprising about 220 species in two genera, '' Cleome'' and '' Cleomella''. These genera were previously included in the family Capparaceae, but were raised to a dis ...
, commonly known as spider flowers, spider plants, spider weeds, or bee plants. Previously, it had been placed in the family Capparaceae
The Capparaceae (or Capparidaceae), commonly known as the caper family, are a family of plants in the order Brassicales. As currently circumscribed, the family contains 15 genera and about 430 species. The largest genera are ''Capparis'' (about 1 ...
, until DNA studies found the Cleomaceae genera to be more closely related to the Brassicaceae
Brassicaceae () or (the older but equally valid) Cruciferae () is a medium-sized and economically important Family (biology), family of flowering plants commonly known as the mustards, the crucifers, or the cabbage family. Most are herbaceous pla ...
than the Capparaceae. Cleome and clammyweed ('' Polanisia dodecandra'') can sometimes be confused.
The genus ''sensu stricto
''Sensu'' is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of". It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, semiotics, and law. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used in describing any particular c ...
'' includes about 170 species of herbaceous
Herbaceous plants are vascular plants that have no persistent woody stems above ground. This broad category of plants includes many perennials, and nearly all annuals and biennials.
Definitions of "herb" and "herbaceous"
The fourth edition of ...
annual or perennial plant
In horticulture, the term perennial (''wikt:per-#Prefix, per-'' + ''wikt:-ennial#Suffix, -ennial'', "through the year") is used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annual plant, annuals and biennial plant, biennials. It has thus been d ...
s and shrub
A shrub or bush is a small to medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees by their multiple ...
s.Huxley, A., ed. (1992). ''New RHS Dictionary of Gardening'' 1: 652-653. Macmillan. . The genus has a subcosmopolitan distribution throughout the tropical and warm temperate regions of the world. However, a recent DNA study failed to separate ''Cleome'', '' Podandrogyne'', and '' Polanisia'' from each other, so some taxonomists have abandoned the last two of these genera, treating them as part of ''Cleome'' ''sensu lato
''Sensu'' is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of". It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, semiotics, and law. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used in describing any particular co ...
''; in this case, ''Cleome'' contains about 275 species, the vast majority of the Cleomaceae.
The genus contains species which show an evolutionary progression from to photosynthesis. This, combined with it being very close to the Brassicaceae
Brassicaceae () or (the older but equally valid) Cruciferae () is a medium-sized and economically important Family (biology), family of flowering plants commonly known as the mustards, the crucifers, or the cabbage family. Most are herbaceous pla ...
with the model plant species ''Arabidopsis thaliana
''Arabidopsis thaliana'', the thale cress, mouse-ear cress or arabidopsis, is a small plant from the mustard family (Brassicaceae), native to Eurasia and Africa. Commonly found along the shoulders of roads and in disturbed land, it is generally ...
'', makes it an ideal genus in which to study the evolution of photosynthesis. Morphological differences that demonstrate the transition from to include species having leaves with more veins
Veins () are blood vessels in the circulatory system of humans and most other animals that carry blood towards the heart. Most veins carry deoxygenated blood from the tissues back to the heart; exceptions are those of the pulmonary and fetal c ...
and larger bundle sheath cells. Also, species such as ''Cleome gynandra
''Cleome gynandra'' is a species of ''Cleome'' that is used as a leaf vegetable. It is known by many common names including Shona cabbage, African cabbage, spiderwisp, cat's whiskers, and stinkweed. It is an annual plant, annual wildflower native ...
'' produce protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residue (biochemistry), residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including Enzyme catalysis, catalysing metab ...
s needed for photosynthesis. Three species independently acquired the pathway, while others are – intermediate or -like.
Species
199 species are accepted.Germplasm Resources Information Network''Cleome'' list
Flora Europaea
''Cleome'' list
/ref>USDA Plants Profile
''Cleome'' list
/ref>Efloras
''Cleome'' search results
/ref> *'' Cleome aculeata'' – tropical *''
Cleome africana
''Cleome'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cleomaceae, commonly known as spider flowers, spider plants, spider weeds, or bee plants. Previously, it had been placed in the family Capparaceae, until DNA studies found the Cleomaceae ge ...
''
*''Cleome afrospina
''Cleome'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cleomaceae, commonly known as spider flowers, spider plants, spider weeds, or bee plants. Previously, it had been placed in the family Capparaceae, until DNA studies found the Cleomaceae ge ...
''
*''Cleome albescens
''Cleome'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cleomaceae, commonly known as spider flowers, spider plants, spider weeds, or bee plants. Previously, it had been placed in the family Capparaceae, until DNA studies found the Cleomaceae ge ...
''
*''Cleome aldenella
''Cleome'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cleomaceae, commonly known as spider flowers, spider plants, spider weeds, or bee plants. Previously, it had been placed in the family Capparaceae, until DNA studies found the Cleomaceae ge ...
''
*''Cleome allamanii
''Cleome'' is a genus (biology), genus of flowering plants in the family (biology), family Cleomaceae, commonly known as spider flowers, spider plants, spider weeds, or bee plants. Previously, it had been placed in the family Capparaceae, until ...
''
*'' Cleome amblyocarpa''
*'' Cleome angulata'' – western India and Java
*'' Cleome angustifolia'' – African –
*'' Cleome anomala'' – neotropical
*'' Cleome arabica''
*'' Cleome arenitensis''
*'' Cleome ariana''
*'' Cleome aspera''
*'' Cleome atropurpurea''
*'' Cleome augustinensis''
*'' Cleome bahiana''
*'' Cleome bahiensis''
*'' Cleome bicolor''
*'' Cleome bojeri''
*'' Cleome boliviensis''
*'' Cleome bororensis''
*'' Cleome brachiata''
*'' Cleome brachycarpa''
*'' Cleome brachystyla''
*'' Cleome brevipetiolata''
*'' Cleome briquetii''
*'' Cleome bundeica''
*'' Cleome burttii''
*'' Cleome carnosa''
*'' Cleome chapalensis''
*'' Cleome chelidonii''
*'' Cleome chilensis''
*'' Cleome chiriquensis''
*'' Cleome chodatiana''
*'' Cleome chrysantha''
*'' Cleome cleomoides''
*'' Cleome coccinea''
*'' Cleome coeruleorosea''
*'' Cleome coluteoides''
*'' Cleome conrathii''
*'' Cleome cordobensis''
*'' Cleome cornus-africani''
*'' Cleome costaricensis''
*'' Cleome crenopetala''
*'' Cleome decipiens''
*'' Cleome densiflora''
*'' Cleome densifolia''
*'' Cleome diffusa''
*'' Cleome dodecandra''
*'' Cleome domingensis''
*'' Cleome drepanocarpa''
*'' Cleome droserifolia''
*'' Cleome dumosa''
*'' Cleome × ecuadorica''
*'' Cleome elegantissima''
*'' Cleome eosina''
*'' Cleome erosa''
*'' Cleome felina''
*'' Cleome flava''
*'' Cleome foliosa''
*'' Cleome formosa''
*'' Cleome fosteriana''
*'' Cleome frutescens''
*'' Cleome gallaensis''
*'' Cleome gigantea''
*'' Cleome glandulosa''
*'' Cleome glaucescens''
*'' Cleome gobica''
*'' Cleome gordjaginii''
*'' Cleome gossweileri''
*'' Cleome guaranitica''
*'' Cleome guianensis''
*''Cleome gynandra
''Cleome gynandra'' is a species of ''Cleome'' that is used as a leaf vegetable. It is known by many common names including Shona cabbage, African cabbage, spiderwisp, cat's whiskers, and stinkweed. It is an annual plant, annual wildflower native ...
'' –
*'' Cleome hadramautica''
*'' Cleome hanburyana''
*'' Cleome hemsleyana''
*'' Cleome heratensis''
*'' Cleome hirta''
*'' Cleome hispidula''
*'' Cleome horrida''
*'' Cleome houstonii''
*''Cleome houtteana
''Cleome houtteana'', commonly known as spider flower, spider plant, pink queen, or grandfather's whiskers, is a species of flowering plant in the genus ''Cleome'' of the family (biology), family Cleomaceae, native plant, native to southern Sout ...
''
*'' Cleome humilis''
*'' Cleome iberica''
*'' Cleome iberidella''
*'' Cleome inermis''
*'' Cleome insolata''
*'' Cleome jamesii''
*'' Cleome jamesonii''
*'' Cleome kalachariensis''
*'' Cleome karachiensis''
*'' Cleome karjaginii''
*'' Cleome kelleriana''
*'' Cleome kenneallyi''
*'' Cleome kermesina''
*'' Cleome kersiana''
*'' Cleome khorassanica''
*'' Cleome laburnifolia''
*'' Cleome lanceolata''
*'' Cleome latifolia''
*''Cleome lechleri
''Cleome'' is a genus (biology), genus of flowering plants in the family (biology), family Cleomaceae, commonly known as spider flowers, spider plants, spider weeds, or bee plants. Previously, it had been placed in the family Capparaceae, until ...
''
*'' Cleome leptorachis''
*'' Cleome lilloi''
*'' Cleome limmenensis''
*'' Cleome limoneolens''
*'' Cleome linophylla''
*'' Cleome lipskyi''
*'' Cleome longifolia''
*'' Cleome longipes''
*'' Cleome lophosperma''
*'' Cleome macradenia''
*'' Cleome macrophylla''
*'' Cleome macrorhiza''
*'' Cleome maculata''
*'' Cleome magnifica''
*'' Cleome mathewsii''
*'' Cleome melanosperma''
*'' Cleome microaustralica''
*'' Cleome microcarpa''
*'' Cleome monandra''
*'' Cleome monophylla''
*'' Cleome monophylloides''
*'' Cleome moricandii''
*'' Cleome moritziana''
*'' Cleome mossamedensis''
*'' Cleome niamniamensis''
*'' Cleome oligandra''
*'' Cleome omanensis''
*'' Cleome ornithopodioides''
*'' Cleome oxalidea'' –
*'' Cleome oxypetala''
*'' Cleome oxyphylla''
*'' Cleome pakistanica''
*'' Cleome pallida''
*'' Cleome paludosa''
*'' Cleome paradoxa''
*'' Cleome parviflora''
*'' Cleome parviflora''
*'' Cleome parvipetala''
*'' Cleome parvisepala''
*'' Cleome parvula''
*'' Cleome paxii''
*'' Cleome perrieri''
*'' Cleome pilosa''
*'' Cleome polyanthera''
*'' Cleome polytricha''
*'' Cleome postrata''
*'' Cleome procumbens''
*'' Cleome puberula''
*'' Cleome puccionia''
*'' Cleome pulchella''
*'' Cleome quinquenervia''
*'' Cleome ramosissima''
*'' Cleome regnellii''
*'' Cleome rosea''
*'' Cleome rostrata''
*'' Cleome rotundifolia''
*'' Cleome rubella''
*'' Cleome rutidosperma''
*'' Cleome rubelloides''
*'' Cleome rupicola''
*'' Cleome scaposa''
*'' Cleome schimperi''
*'' Cleome schlechteri''
*'' Cleome semitetrandra''
*'' Cleome serrata''
*'' Cleome siliculifera''
*'' Cleome silvatica''
*'' Cleome simplicifolia''
*'' Cleome socotrana''
*'' Cleome speciosa''
*'' Cleome spinosa''
*'' Cleome stenopetala''
*'' Cleome stenophylla''
*'' Cleome steveniana''
*'' Cleome stricta''
*'' Cleome strigosa''
*'' Cleome stylosa''
*'' Cleome suffruticosa''
*'' Cleome tenella''
*'' Cleome tenuifolia''
*'' Cleome tenuis''
*'' Cleome tetrandra''
*'' Cleome titubans''
*'' Cleome tomentella''
*'' Cleome torticarpa''
*'' Cleome trachycarpa''
*'' Cleome trachysperma''
*'' Cleome tucumanensis''
*'' Cleome turkmena''
*'' Cleome uncifera''
*'' Cleome uniglandulosa''
*'' Cleome usambarica''
*'' Cleome vahliana''
*'' Cleome violacea''
*'' Cleome virens''
*'' Cleome viscosa''
*'' Cleome werdermannii''
*'' Cleome yunnanensis''
Cultivation and uses
''Cleome gynandra'' is used as a vegetable crop. ''C. houtteana'' is a commonly cultivated ornamental plant with purple, pink, or white flowers.
Gallery of species
Namibia
Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country on the west coast of Southern Africa. Its borders include the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Angola and Zambia to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south; in the no ...
File:Starr 061128-1587 Cleome gynandra.jpg, ''Cleome gynandra
''Cleome gynandra'' is a species of ''Cleome'' that is used as a leaf vegetable. It is known by many common names including Shona cabbage, African cabbage, spiderwisp, cat's whiskers, and stinkweed. It is an annual plant, annual wildflower native ...
'', cultivated as a vegetable
File:Spider flower -- Cleome 'Inncleosr' Senorita Rosalita.jpg, ''Cleome 'Inncleosr' Senorita Rosalita''
File:Tarenaya hassleriana o Cleome Hassleriana o Cleome Spinosa.jpg, ''Cleome houtteana
''Cleome houtteana'', commonly known as spider flower, spider plant, pink queen, or grandfather's whiskers, is a species of flowering plant in the genus ''Cleome'' of the family (biology), family Cleomaceae, native plant, native to southern Sout ...
'' also known as ''Tarenaya hassleriana''Flora of China 7: 430–431. 2008''Tarenaya Rafinesque''
/ref> a common garden ornamental File:Cleome monophylla W3 IMG_1882.jpg, '' Cleome monophylla'' File:Cleome oxyphylla var. oxyphylla 1DS-II 7380.jpg, '' Cleome oxyphylla'' File:Cleome rutidosperma 05859.jpg, '' Cleome rutidosperma'' File:Cleome spinosa 2012.jpg, '' Cleome spinosa'' File:Cleome_viscosa_by_kadavoor.jpg, '' Cleome viscosa''
References
{{Authority control Brassicales genera