Claude Guillaumin (11 August 1842 – 9 March 1927) or ''Édouard Pépin'' was a
French
French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to France
** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents
** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...
painter
Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a solid surface (called the "matrix" or "support"). The medium is commonly applied to the base with a brush, but other implements, such as knives, sponges, and ai ...
and
caricaturist.
Life and career
He was born on 11 August 1842 in
Moulins. He was one of the Republicans exiled to
Algeria during the suppression of the uprisings against the
Coup of 2 December 1851. This incident affected the young Claude Guillaumin, who opposed
bonapartism
Bonapartism (french: Bonapartisme) is the political ideology supervening from Napoleon Bonaparte and his followers and successors. The term was used to refer to people who hoped to restore the House of Bonaparte and its style of government. In thi ...
and all forms of
despotism
Despotism ( el, Δεσποτισμός, ''despotismós'') is a form of government in which a single entity rules with absolute power. Normally, that entity is an individual, the despot; but (as in an autocracy) societies which limit respect and ...
.
Using the pseudonym Pépin, he made his cartoonist debut at the end of the
Second Empire at ''
La Lune
''La Lune'' ("The Moon") was the name of a nineteenth-century French weekly four-sheet newspaper edited by Francis Polo. The illustrator André Gill became known for his work for this journal, in which he drew caricatures for a series entitled ...
'' (from 1866), ''La Rue de Jules Vallès'' (1867-1868), then ''
L'Éclipse
''L'Éclipse'' was a French magazine of the nineteenth century, appearing from 1868 to 1876. Edited by Francis Polo, ''L'Éclipse'' was a showcase for the illustrator André Gill, in which he drew caricatures of his illustrious contemporaries.
...
''. Pépin's cartoons have appeared on the cover of L'Éclipse many times.
In the early part of the
Third Republic, Pépin began drawing in 1875 for ''
Le Grelot'', for which he had drawn most of the covers between 1876 and 1879, thus replacing Alfred Le Petit. Later, he made illustrations for various magazines. He also worked at ''Le Lampion de Berluron''. In November 1881, Guillaumin became the administrator of this satirical magazine, in which he freely conveyed his
anti-religionist ideologies. In the same years, his caricatures were also published in ''
Le Troupier''.
In the mid-1880s Pépin returned to ''Le Grelot''. As a radical
Republican, he made accusations against
monarchists,
Catholics
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
,
Boulangists
Georges Ernest Jean-Marie Boulanger (29 April 1837 – 30 September 1891), nicknamed Général Revanche ("General Revenge"), was a French general and politician. An enormously popular public figure during the second decade of the Third Repub ...
(especially Henri Rochefort) and
socialists there. Pépin later joined the
Dreyfusard camp. From the end of the autumn of 1897 he had a conflict with the director of ''Le Grelot'' over a caricature of General Mercier, in which he expressed his thoughts. Pépin then decided to start his own weekly satirical magazine, ''
Le Fouet''. He also sent drawings to ''
Petit Rouennais'' between 1901 and 1902.
He died on 9 March 1927 in the
9th arrondissement of Paris.
Gallery
File:Les deux aveugles.jpg, alt=Auguste Vermorel et Louis Veuillot., Auguste Vermorel and Louis Veuillot
File:La Rue ... de la Clef.jpg, alt=L'équipe de La Rue., ''La Rue'' team
File:Terrail-Mermeix livre ses frères.jpg, alt=Le boulangiste Gabriel Terrail (Mermeix) vendant ses révélations au Figaro., Baker Gabriel Terrail
File:Galerie des crocodiles.jpg, alt=Paul de Cassagnac levant des fonds en faveur de Mgr Baptifolier, évêque de Mende, dont le traitement a été suspendu par Louis Ricard., Paul de Cassagnac raises money for Bishop of Mende whose salary is suspended by Louis Ricard
File:Le marquis de Morès et ses amis.jpg, alt=Le marquis de Morès et Drumont., Marquis de Mores
A marquess (; french: marquis ), es, marqués, pt, marquês. is a nobleman of high hereditary rank in various European peerages and in those of some of their former colonies. The German language equivalent is Markgraf (margrave). A woman wi ...
and Drumont
File:Le comité de saletés publiques.jpg, alt=Les délateurs du scandale de Panama., Panama scandal
File:Le dernier coup de canon de la Boulange.jpg, alt=L'affaire Norton., Norton incident
File:Arton bouc émissaire.jpg, alt=L'arrestation d'Arton., Arton's arrest
File:Demole Charles - Le Grelot.jpg, alt=Léon Bourgeois et Charles Demôle., Léon Bourgeois and Charles Demole[''Le Grelot'' du mars 1896.]
File:Artillerie Boche.jpg, Artillerie Boche
References
Bibliography
* "Note on Painter Cl.-Edouard Guillaumin", Bulletin of the Bourbonnais Emulation Society, t. 34, November–December 1931, p. 271-272 .
{{Authority control
1842 births
French caricaturists
19th-century French painters
20th-century French painters
French landscape painters
1927 deaths