Cixiinae is a planthopper subfamily in the family

Cixiidae The Cixiidae are a family of fulgoroid insects, one of many families commonly known as planthoppers, distributed worldwide and comprising more than 2,000 species from over 150 genera. The genera are placed into three subfamilies, Borystheninae ...

. It is one of three such subfamilies, the other two being the Bothriocerinae and the Borystheninae. While a few species had been tested in a larger study of the Fulgoroidea, neither the Cixiinae nor its tribes were analysed cladistically until 2002. Resolution of tribal relationships is incomplete and additional testing of the tribes with samples larger than one per tribe is needed.

Tribes

In 1938 Metcalf divided the Cixiinae into tribes, including the

Cixiini Cixiini is a planthopper tribe in the family Cixiidae. This tribe is non-monophyletic.Ceotto, Paula, and Bourgoin, Thierry (2008) "Insights into the phylogenetic relationships within Cixiidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha): cladistic analysis of a mo ...

and Oecleini of Muir; however, those divisions were seldom referred to and remained unanlaysed for decades. Subsequently, the Stenophlepsiini were returned to the Cixiinae, and the Pentastirini were subdivided into the Pentastirina and Oliarina subtribes. However, Oliarina was later synonymized under Pentastirina. In 2002, Emeljanov created seven new tribes and in 2004 subtribe Mnemosynina of tribe Pentastirini was raised to tribal level as the Mnemosynini.Abstract
/ref> Currently there are sixteen recognized tribes, although some tribes lack adequate description: * Andini Emeljanov, 2002 * Bennarellini Emeljanov, 1989 * Bennini Metcalf, 1938 * Brixidiini Emeljanov, 2002 * Brixiini Emeljanov, 2002 * Cajetini Emeljanov, 2002 *

Muir, 1923 - non-monophyletic * Duiliini Emeljanov, 2002 * Eucarpiini Emeljanov, 2002 -

monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic ...

* Gelastocephalini Emeljanov, 2000 - putatively monophyletic * Mnemosynini Szwedo, 2004 - one extant genus ''

Mnemosyne (planthopper) ''Mnemosyne'' is a genus of planthoppers in the subfamily Cixiinae Cixiinae is a planthopper subfamily in the family Cixiidae. It is one of three such subfamilies, the other two being the Bothriocerinae and the Borystheninae. While a few sp ...

'' Stål, 1866 (5 extinct) * Oecleini Muir, 1922 - non-monophyletic * Pentastirini Emeljanov, 1971 - monophyletic * Pintaliini Metcalf, 1938 - non-monophyletic * Semonini Emeljanov, 2002 - putatively monophyletic * Stenophlepsiini Metcalf, 1938

References

External links

{{Fulgoromorpha-stub