The Civil Justice Reform Act ("CJRA", as Title I of the Judicial Improvements Act of 1990, ) is a U.S. federal law enacted in 1990. It was the last major expansion of the Federal US Judiciary.

Federal Judges Federal judges are judges appointed by a federal level of government as opposed to the state/provincial/local level. United States A U.S. federal judge is appointed by the U.S. president and confirmed by the U.S. Senate in accordance with Articl ...

in the United States have

lifetime tenure A life tenure or service during good behaviour is a term of office that lasts for the office holder's lifetime, unless the office holder decides personally to resign or is removed from office because of misbehaving in office or due to extraordina ...

and, although each district judge is marginally supervised by a

chief judge Chief judge may refer to: In lower or circuit courts The highest-ranking or most senior member of a lower court or circuit court with more than one judge. * Chief judge (Australia) * Chief judge (United States) In supreme courts Some of Chief ...

, there was little national oversight of each judge's case management practices. Congress enacted CJRA in response to complaints of significant delays in the resolution of civil litigation in the federal courts; the CJRA was designed to encourage the speedy resolution of civil matters (both cases and motions) by requiring the Director of the

Administrative Office of the United States Courts Administration may refer to: Management of organizations * Management, the act of directing people towards accomplishing a goal: the process of dealing with or controlling things or people. ** Administrative assistant, traditionally known as a s ...

to prepare and publish a semi-annual report showing, by U.S. district judge and magistrate judge, all motions pending more than six months, all bench trials submitted more than six months, all bankruptcy appeals pending more than six months, all Social Security appeal cases pending more than six months, and all civil cases pending more than three years.

All titles

* Title I is the " Civil Justice Reform Act of 1990" (CJRA). * Title II is the " Federal Judgeship Act of 1990". * Title III is the " Federal Courts Study Committee Implementation Act of 1990." * Title IV is the " Judicial Discipline and Removal Reform Act of 1990." * Title V is the " Television Program Improvement Act of 1990." * Title VI is the " Visual Artists Rights Act of 1990." Title VII is the "Architectural Works Copyright Protection Act." * Title VIII is the " Computer Software Rental Amendments Act of 1990."

References

{{US-law-stub Court administration Federal judiciary of the United States 1990 in American law United States federal legislation articles needing infoboxes