''Citrus macroptera'', commonly known as cabuyao,Peter Hanelt (ed.) 2001 ''Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops (except ornamentals), first English edition''. Springer
in Google Books
/ref> Melanesian papeda, or wild orange,Harley I. Manner, Richard S. Buker, Virginia Easton Smith, Deborah Ward, and Craig R. Elevitch 2006. Species profiles for Pacific Island agroforestry: ''Citrus'' (citrus) and ''Fortunella'' (kumquat), Rutaceae (Rue family)
pdf
/ref> is a semi-wild species of

citrus ''Citrus'' is a genus of flowering trees and shrubs in the family Rutaceae. Plants in the genus produce citrus fruits, including important crops such as oranges, mandarins, lemons, grapefruits, pomelos, and limes. ''Citrus'' is nativ ...

native to the

Malesia Malesia is a biogeographical region straddling the Equator and the boundaries of the Indomalayan and Australasian realms. It is a phytogeographical floristic region in the Paleotropical kingdom. It was first recognized as a distinct region ...

n ecoregion ( Island Southeast Asia and

Melanesia Melanesia (, ) is a subregion of Oceania in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It extends from New Guinea in the west to the Fiji Islands in the east, and includes the Arafura Sea. The region includes the four independent countries of Fiji, Vanu ...

). Some authorities consider ''C. macroptera'' to be a taxonomic synonym of '' C. hystrix'' (kaffir lime), while others consider ''C. macroptera'' var. ''annamensis'' to be a synonym of ''C. hystrix'', but not ''C. macroptera'' var. ''macroptera''. ''Citrus macroptera'' is cultivated widely in the Sylhet region (South Asia) of

Bangladesh Bangladesh, officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, eighth-most populous country in the world and among the List of countries and dependencies by ...

and the Barak Valley Division of the Indian state of

Assam Assam (, , ) is a state in Northeast India, northeastern India, south of the eastern Himalayas along the Brahmaputra Valley, Brahmaputra and Barak River valleys. Assam covers an area of . It is the second largest state in Northeast India, nor ...

, where it is known as hatkhora.

Description

''Citrus macroptera'' is so-named because of the large "wings" (-ptera) on the petiole, which is as large as the blade of the leaf. The tree, which has thorns, can reach in height. Its fruit is about in diameter, has a fairly smooth, moderately thick rind, and is yellow when ripe. The pulp of the fruit is greenish-yellow and dry (does not produce much juice). The juice is very bitter, and somewhat sour.

Varieties

The species is sometimes divided into four varieties, or alternatively into three separate species, as follows:Porcher Michel H. et al. 1995–2020 (2007). Sorting Citrus Names: Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (M.M.P.N.D) - A Work in Progress. School of Agriculture and Food Systems. Faculty of Land & Food Resources. The University of Melbourne. Australia

/ref> * ''C. macroptera'' var. ''macroptera'' * ''C. macroptera'' var. ''annamensis'' Chōzaburō Tanaka, Tanaka -> ''C. combara'' Raf. * ''C. macroptera'' var. ''combara'' (Raf.) Tanaka -> ''C. combara'' Raf. * ''C. macroptera'' var. ''kerrii'' Swingle -> ''C. kerrii'' ( Swingle) Chōzaburō Tanaka, Tanaka

Cultivation

''Citrus macroptera'' is cultivated widely in the Sylhet region (South Asia) of Bangladesh and the Barak Valley Division of the Indian state of

, where it is known as hatkhora or (, ). ''Citrus macroptera'' is cultivated on a small scale in home gardens in the northeast Indian states of Mizoram,

Tripura Tripura () is a States and union territories of India, state in northeastern India. The List of states and union territories of India by area, third-smallest state in the country, it covers ; and the seventh-least populous state with a populat ...

, and

Meghalaya Meghalaya (; "the abode of clouds") is a states and union territories of India, state in northeast India. Its capital is Shillong. Meghalaya was formed on 21 January 1972 by carving out two districts from the Assam: the United Khasi Hills an ...

, where its fruit is used for various purposes. A cultivar of ''C. macroptera'' var. ''annamensis'' is grown in the

Sylhet Division Sylhet Division () is a northeastern Divisions of Bangladesh, division of Bangladesh, renowned for its lush tea gardens, rolling hills and vibrant cultural heritage. Covering an area of approximately 12,298 square kilometres, it is bordered by t ...

of northeastern

. ''Citrus macroptera'' is also commercially cultivated in South Africa, Spain, and Tonga. In Spain the plant serves as a rootstock for other ''Citrus'' species.

Uses

Culinary uses

In Bangladesh, especially Sylhet, the thick fleshy rind of ''Citrus macroptera'' is eaten as a vegetable, while the pulp is usually discarded because of its bitter-sour taste. The thick rind is cut into small pieces and cooked (either green or ripe) in beef, mutton, and fish curries, it is also used in Dal. The rind is often sun-dried for later cooking and consumption. The fruit is also pickled.

Perfumery

The oil of the ''annamensis'' cultivar is used in the perfume industry.

References

External links

USDA PLANTS profile
{{Taxonbar, from=Q5122910 macroptera Agriculture in Bangladesh Bangladeshi cuisine Bengali cuisine Economy of Bangladesh Flora of tropical Asia Medicinal plants of Asia Medicinal plants of Oceania Sylheti cuisine Austronesian agriculture