Cisownica is a village in
Gmina Goleszów
Gmina Goleszów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland, in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia. Its seat is the village of Goleszów.
The gmina covers an area of , and as of 201 ...
,
Cieszyn County
__NOTOC__
Cieszyn County ( pl, powiat cieszyński) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland, on the Czech and Slovak border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result o ...
,
Silesian Voivodeship, southern
Poland, close to the border with the
Czech Republic. In 2008 it had a population of 1,705. It lies in the historical region of
Cieszyn Silesia on the slopes of
Mała Czantoria mountain.
The name of the village is derived from the
taxus trees (''"cis"'' in Polish) which grew here in the past in large numbers. Cisownica in recent years has become a popular tourist destination, due to its vicinity to the
Silesian Beskids mountain range.
History
The settlement was first mentioned in a Latin document of
Diocese of Wrocław called ''
Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis
Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis ( pl, Księga uposażeń biskupstwa wrocławskiego, ''Book of endowments of the Bishopric of Wrocław'') is a Latin manuscript catalog of documents compiled in the later 13th or in the early 14th centu ...
'' from around 1305 as ''item in Cyssownica''. It meant that the village was in the process of location (the size of land to pay a
tithe from was not yet precised). The creation of the village was a part of a larger settlement campaign taking place in the late 13th century on the territory of what will be later known as
Upper Silesia.
Politically the village belonged initially to the
Duchy of Teschen
The Duchy of Teschen (german: Herzogtum Teschen), also Duchy of Cieszyn ( pl, Księstwo Cieszyńskie) or Duchy of Těšín ( cs, Těšínské knížectví), was one of the Duchies of Silesia centered on Cieszyn () in Upper Silesia. It was split o ...
, formed in 1290 in the process of
feudal fragmentation of Poland and was ruled by a local branch of
Piast dynasty
The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I (c. 930–992). The Piasts' royal rule in Poland ended in 1370 with the death of king Casimir III the Great.
Branch ...
. In 1327 the duchy became a
fee of
Kingdom of Bohemia, which after 1526 became part of the
Habsburg monarchy
The Habsburg monarchy (german: Habsburgermonarchie, ), also known as the Danubian monarchy (german: Donaumonarchie, ), or Habsburg Empire (german: Habsburgerreich, ), was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities ...
.
In the 18th and 19th centuries
siderite was mined here, the last mine closed in 1870.
After
Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire
The Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire were a set of revolutions that took place in the Austrian Empire from March 1848 to November 1849. Much of the revolutionary activity had a nationalist character: the Empire, ruled from Vienna, incl ...
a modern
municipal division was introduced in the re-established
Austrian Silesia. The village as a municipality was subscribed to the
political district of
Bielsko and the
legal district of
Skoczów
Skoczów (pronounced , german: Skotschau, cs, Skočov) is a town and the seat of Gmina Skoczów in Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland with 14,385 inhabitants (2019). The town lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia ...
. According to the censuses conducted in 1880, 1890, 1900 and 1910 the population of the village grew from 841 in 1880 to 953 in 1910, with majority of the inhabitants being native Polish-speakers (99.6–100%), mostly
Lutherans (89.6% in 1910), followed by
Catholics
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
(9.9% in 1910) and
Jews (5 people).
The village was also traditionally inhabited by
Cieszyn Vlachs
The Cieszyn Vlachs ( pl, Wałasi cieszyńscy, cs, Těšínští Valaši) are a Polish ethnographic group (subgroup of Silesians) living around the towns of Cieszyn and Skoczów, one of the four major ethnographic groups in Cieszyn Silesia, the on ...
, speaking
Cieszyn Silesian dialect.
After the
World War I, fall of
Austria-Hungary,
Polish–Czechoslovak War and division of Cieszyn Silesia, the village became a part of the
Second Polish Republic
The Second Polish Republic, at the time officially known as the Republic of Poland, was a country in Central Europe, Central and Eastern Europe that existed between 1918 and 1939. The state was established on 6 November 1918, before the end of ...
. After German invasion of Poland in 1939, the area became a part of
Nazi Germany until 1945.
Religion
A Lutheran church was built here in 1981, as a filial church of
Ustroń. In 1986 it became an independent parish of the
Diocese of Cieszyn
The Diocese of Cieszyn is the smallest diocese of the six which constitute the Polish Lutheran Church. The Bishop's See is Cieszyn, but the diocese is headquartered in Bielsko-Biała.
Location
The Diocese of Cieszyn comprises Bielsko County and ...
.
People
* Jura Gajdzica, peasant writer, lived here
* Jan Sztwiertnia, member of
Sejm, was born here
References
External links
*
Description at the Gmina Goleszów website
{{Cieszyn Silesia
Villages in Cieszyn County
Cieszyn Silesia