Ciro Carlos Araujo de Quadros (January 30, 1940 – May 28, 2014) was a Brazilian leader in the field of

Public Health Public health is "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals". Analyzing the det ...

, in particular, the area of

vaccine A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious or malignant disease. The safety and effectiveness of vaccines has been widely studied and verified. ...

s and preventable diseases. He was born in Rio Pardo, Brazil.

Eradication of polio

De Quadros played a critical role in developing the strategies now used worldwide in the eradication of

polio Poliomyelitis, commonly shortened to polio, is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus. Approximately 70% of cases are asymptomatic; mild symptoms which can occur include sore throat and fever; in a proportion of cases more severe sym ...

. He led the team which eradicated polio from the Americas. He received a

Medical Doctor A physician (American English), medical practitioner (Commonwealth English), medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through the ...

degree from the Federal University for Health Sciences ( UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil, 1966, and a M.P.H. degree from the National School of Public Health,

Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the Rio de Janeiro (state), state of the same name, Brazil's List of Brazilian states by population, third-most populous state, and the List of largest citi ...

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

, 1968.

Later work

In 2003, de Quadros joined the

Sabin Vaccine Institute Sabin Vaccine Institute (Sabin), located in Washington, D.C., is a nonprofit organization promoting global vaccine development, availability, and use. Through its work, Sabin hopes to reduce human suffering by preventing the spread of vaccine-pre ...

, a

non-profit A nonprofit organization (NPO) or non-profit organisation, also known as a non-business entity, not-for-profit organization, or nonprofit institution, is a legal entity organized and operated for a collective, public or social benefit, in co ...

organization honoring the legacy of

Albert Sabin Albert Bruce Sabin ( ; August 26, 1906 – March 3, 1993) was a Polish-American medical researcher, best known for developing the oral polio vaccine, which has played a key role in nearly eradicating the disease. In 1969–72, he served as th ...

, developer of the oral

polio vaccine Polio vaccines are vaccines used to prevent poliomyelitis (polio). Two types are used: an inactivated poliovirus given by injection (IPV) and a weakened poliovirus given by mouth (OPV). The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends all chi ...

. de Quadros is instrumental in the Institute's international immunization advocacy programs, where he works on issues such as the introduction of new vaccines, e.g.

rotavirus ''Rotavirus'' is a genus of double-stranded RNA viruses in the family ''Reoviridae''. Rotaviruses are the most common cause of diarrhoeal disease among infants and young children. Nearly every child in the world is infected with a rotaviru ...

rubella Rubella, also known as German measles or three-day measles, is an infection caused by the rubella virus. This disease is often mild, with half of people not realizing that they are infected. A rash may start around two weeks after exposure and ...

human papilloma virus Human papillomavirus infection (HPV infection) is caused by a DNA virus from the ''Papillomaviridae'' family. Many HPV infections cause no symptoms and 90% resolve spontaneously within two years. In some cases, an HPV infection persists and res ...

pneumococcal ''Streptococcus pneumoniae'', or pneumococcus, is a Gram-positive, spherical bacteria, alpha-hemolytic (under aerobic conditions) or beta-hemolytic (under anaerobic conditions), aerotolerant anaerobic member of the genus Streptococcus. They are ...

and others, and on issues related to the sustainability of national immunization programs. He is also on the faculty at Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health and the School of Medicine of the

George Washington University , mottoeng = "God is Our Trust" , established = , type = Private federally chartered research university , academic_affiliations = , endowment = $2.8 billion (2022) , presi ...

Death

He died of

pancreatic cancer Pancreatic cancer arises when cells in the pancreas, a glandular organ behind the stomach, begin to multiply out of control and form a mass. These cancerous cells have the ability to invade other parts of the body. A number of types of panc ...

on May 28, 2014 at his home in

Washington, D.C. ) , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, ...

Public Health Awards

He published and presented at conferences throughout the world and received a number of international awards, including: * the 1993

Prince Mahidol Award The Prince Mahidol Award ( th, รางวัลสมเด็จเจ้าฟ้ามหิดล) is an annual award for outstanding achievements in medicine and public health worldwide. The award is given by the Prince Mahidol Award Found ...

Thailand Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is b ...

* the 2000

Albert B. Sabin Gold Medal Since 1994, the Albert B. Sabin Gold Medal has been awarded annually by the Sabin Vaccine Institute in recognition of work in the field of vaccinology or a complementary field. It is in commemoration of the pioneering work of Albert B. Sabin. R ...

Sabin Vaccine Institute. Press Release
measles eradication">Polio, Eradication of infectious diseases, measles eradication
leader receives Albert B. Sabin Gold Medal. April 30, 2000. * The

Order of Rio Branco The Order of Rio Branco (''Ordem de Rio Branco'') is an honorific order of Brazil instituted by decree 51.697 of February 5, 1963. It is named in honor of the Brazilian diplomat José Paranhos, Baron of Rio Branco. The President of Brazil serve ...

from his native

* election to the

National Institute of Medicine The National Academy of Medicine (NAM), formerly called the Institute of Medicine (IoM) until 2015, is an American nonprofit, non-governmental organization. The National Academy of Medicine is a part of the National Academies of Sciences, Eng ...

* 2011

BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award The BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Awards () are an international award programme recognizing significant contributions in the areas of scientific research and cultural creation. The categories that make up the Frontiers of Knowledge Awards ...

of Development Cooperation for leading efforts to eliminate polio and measles from the western hemisphere and being one of the most important scientists in the eradication of smallpox around the world. His work has shown that vaccination programs can be carried out in an economically sustainable way.
Public Health Hero of the Americas
award from the Pan-American Health Organization (2014)

(2014) * Featured in PAHO'sbr>Art for Research
exhibit collection b
photographer Theo Chalmers
"Shaping the World", highlighting how research for health drives social and economic development. The collectio
Shaping the World
that has been exhibited i
Africa, Europe and throughout the Americas

References

External links

* The burden of pneumococcal disease among Latin American and Caribbean children: review of the evidenc
Rev Panam Salud Pública
2009 Mar;25(3):270-9. Review. Accessed on: 11/08/2013 * Cost-effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in Latin America and the Caribbean: a regional analysi
Rev Panam Salud Pública
2008 Nov;24(5):304-13. Accessed on: 11/08/2013 * Identifying unit costs for use in regional economic evaluation: an illustrative analysis of childhood pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Latin America and the Caribbean
Rev Panam Salud Pública
2009 Nov;26(5):458-68. Accessed on: 11/08/2013 * Rational use of rubella vaccine for prevention of congenital rubella syndrome in the Americas. Review
Rev Panam Salud Pública
1998 Sep;4(3):156-60. Accessed on: 11/08/2013 * Accelerated rubella control and the prevention of congenital rubella syndrome
Rev Panam Salud Pública
2002 Apr;11(4): 273-6. Accessed on: 11/08/2013
Shaping the World
an art exhibit of th
Pan American Health Organization
highlighting how research for health improves people's life and human development, and yields high returns on investment. {{DEFAULTSORT:Quadros, Ciro de 1940 births 2014 deaths Brazilian public health doctors Polio Vaccinologists People from Rio Grande do Sul Members of the National Academy of Medicine