''Cingulina'' is a
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of small
sea snail
Sea snails are slow-moving marine (ocean), marine gastropod Mollusca, molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the Taxonomic classification, taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguishe ...
s,
pyramidellid gastropod
Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...
mollusk
Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum after Arthropoda. The ...
s. in the
family
Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
Pyramidellidae
Pyramidellidae, common name the pyram family, or pyramid shells, is a voluminous taxonomic family of mostly small and minute ectoparasitic sea snails, marine heterobranch gastropod molluscs. The great majority of species of pyrams are micromol ...
, the pyrams and their allies.
[Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2011). Cingulina A. Adams, 1860. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138402 on 2011-12-26]
Description
The shell is turriculated and subulate. The numerous
whorls are rounded and spirally ribbed. The interstices are striate. The
aperture
In optics, the aperture of an optical system (including a system consisting of a single lens) is the hole or opening that primarily limits light propagated through the system. More specifically, the entrance pupil as the front side image o ...
is oblong, entire in front. The
columella
Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella (, Arabic: ) was a prominent Roman writer on agriculture in the Roman Empire.
His in twelve volumes has been completely preserved and forms an important source on Roman agriculture and ancient Roman cuisin ...
is straight and simple. The
outer lip is sharp and arcuate. The shell lacks basal keels, varices are absent. The spiral
sculpture
Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions. Sculpture is the three-dimensional art work which is physically presented in the dimensions of height, width and depth. It is one of the plastic arts. Durable sc ...
is stronger than microscopic striations. The axial sculpture consists of faint riblets, with the spiral markings consisting of strong raised threads.
Distribution
This species is mainly distributed off the coasts of
Japan
Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...
and various
Europe
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east ...
an countries.
Species
* ''
Cingulina acutilirata''
G. B. Sowerby III, 1892
* ''
Cingulina aikeni''
Poppe, Tagaro & Goto, 2018
* ''
Cingulina archimedea'' Melvill, 1896
* ''
Cingulina austrina''
Laseron, 1959
* ''
Cingulina bellardii''
Hornung & Mermod, 1924
* ''
Cingulina brazieri''
Angas, G.F., 1877
* ''
Cingulina cingulata
''Cingulina cingulata'' is a species of sea snail, a marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.WoRMS (2011). ''Cingulina cingulata'' (Dunker, 1860). Accessed through: Wo ...
''
(Dunker, 1860)
* ''
Cingulina circinata''
A. Adams, 1860
* ''
Cingulina dussaulti''
Saurin, 1962
* ''
Cingulina imperita''
Laseron, 1959
* ''
Cingulina inaequalis''
Saurin, 1958
* ''
Cingulina inamuragasakiensis''
Nomura, 1938
* ''
Cingulina isseli''
(Tryon, 1886)
* ''
Cingulina japonica''
Clessin, 1902
* ''
Cingulina laticingula''
(Dall, W.H. & P. Bartsch, 1906)
* ''
Cingulina magna''
Gatliff & Gabriel, 1910
* ''
Cingulina pulchra''
(Brazier, 1894)
* ''
Cingulina puncticingulata
''Cingulina'' is a genus of small sea snails, Pyramidellidae, pyramidellid gastropod mollusks. in the family (biology), family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2011). Cingulina A. Adams, 1860. Accessed through: ...
''
Nomura, 1938
* ''
Cingulina rhyllensis''
Gatliff & Gabriel, 1910
* ''
Cingulina rugosa''
Saurin, 1959
* ''
Cingulina secernenda''
Melvill, 1918
* ''
Cingulina spina''
(Crosse & Fischer, 1864)
* ''
Cingulina superba''
Thiele, 1925
* † ''
Cingulina tardichattica''
Lozouet, 1999
* ''
Cingulina trisulcata''
Sowerby III, 1894
* ''
Cingulina truncata''
Saurin, 1959
;Species brought into synonymy:
* ''Cingulina aglaia''
(Bartsch, 1915): synonym of ''
Polyspirella aglaia''
(Bartsch, 1915)
* ''Cingulina australis''
Tenison-Woods, 1877: synonym of ''
Lironoba australis''
(Tenison-Woods, 1877)
* ''Cingulina babylonia''
(C. B. Adams, 1845): synonym of ''
Pseudoscilla babylonia''
(C. B. Adams, 1845)
* ''Cingulina biarata''
Nomura, 1937: synonym of ''
Paracingulina triarata''
(Pilsbry, 1904)
* ''Cingulina callista''
(Bartsch, 1915): synonym of ''
Polyspirella callista''
(Bartsch, 1915)
* ''Cingulina carinata''
Mörch, 1876: synonym of ''
Teretinax carinata''
(Mörch, 1876)
* ''Cingulina densistriata''
Nomura, 1936: synonym of ''
Murchisonella densistriata''
(Nomura, 1936) (original combination)
* ''Cingulina evermanni''
(Baker, Hanna & Strong, 1928): synonym of ''
Murchisonella evermanni'' (
F. Baker, Hanna & A. M. Strong, 1928)
* ''Cingulina inequicingulata'' (Nomura, 1938): synonym of ''
Paracingulina inequicingulata''
(Nomura, 1938)
* ''Cingulina insignis''
May, 1911: synonym of ''
Seila insignis''
(May, 1911)
* ''Cingulina laticingulata''
ic synonym of ''Cingulina laticingula''
(Dall & Bartsch, 1906) (misspelling)
* ''Cingulina mutuwanensis''
Nomura, 1938: synonym of ''Cingulina cingulata''
(Dunker, 1860)
* ''Cingulina terebra''
(Dunker, 1860): synonym of ''
Paracingulina terebra''
(Dunker, 1860)
* ''Cingulina torcularis''
(Tenison-Woods, 1878): synonym of ''
Icuncula torcularis''
(Tenison-Woods, 1878)
* ''Cingulina trachealis''
(Gould, 1861):
synonym of ''
Polyspirella trachealis''
(Gould, 1861)
* ''Cingulina triarata''
Pilsbry, 1904: synonym of ''
Paracingulina triarata''
(Pilsbry, 1904)
* ''Cingulina urdeneta''
(Bartsch, 1917): synonym of ''
Turbonilla urdeneta''
Bartsch, 1917
References
* Vaught, K.C. (1989). ''A classification of the living Mollusca''. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). . XII, 195 pp
* Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). ''European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification''. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213
{{Taxonbar, from=Q3174218
Pyramidellidae
Gastropod genera