Chuvanskoye () is a

rural locality In general, a rural area or a countryside is a geographic area that is located outside towns and cities. Typical rural areas have a low population density and small settlements. Agricultural areas and areas with forestry are typically describ ...

(a '' selo'') in

Anadyrsky District Anadyrsky District (; Chukchi language, Chukchi: , ''Kagyrgyn rajon'') is an administrativeLaw #33-OZ and municipalLaw #148-OZ district (raion), one of the administrative divisions of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, six in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Rus ...

Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Chukotka ( ; ), officially the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, is the easternmost federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia. It is an Autonomous okrugs of Russia, autonomous okrug situated in the Russian Far East, and shares a border wi ...

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

, located west of Markovo on the banks of the

Yeropol The Yeropol () is a river in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia. It has a length of and a drainage basin of . The Yeropol is a right tributary of the Anadyr and its basin is in a mountainous area of Chukotka. The village of Chuvanskoye is located ...

river (a

tributary A tributary, or an ''affluent'', is a stream or river that flows into a larger stream (''main stem'' or ''"parent"''), river, or a lake. A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean. Tributaries, and the main stem river into which they ...

of the

Anadyr River The Anadyr (; Yukaghir: Онандырь; ) is a river in the far northeast of Siberia which flows into the Gulf of Anadyr of the Bering Sea and drains much of the interior of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Its basin corresponds to the Anadyrsky ...

meaning "place of the

Yukaghir The Yukaghirs, or Yukagirs ( (), ), are a Siberian ethnic group in the Russian Far East, living in the basin of the Kolyma River. Geographic distribution The Tundra Yukaghirs live in the Lower Kolyma region in the Sakha Republic; the Taiga Y ...

games"Chuvanskoye
at Electoral Commission of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug), about 780 km from the mouth of the Anadyr. Population: with an estimated population as of 1 January 2015 of 188. Municipally, the village is incorporated as Chuvanskoye Rural Settlement.

History

There are two theories regarding the origin of the name. The first states that Chuvanskoye is simply named after the

Chuvans Chuvans () are one of the forty or so "Indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East" recognized by the Russian government. Most Chuvans today live within Chukotka Autonomous Okrug in the far northeast of Russia. Bas ...

themselves, whereas the second theory suggests that the name is derived from an older tribe, the Cha'achen, who used to live in the area and were a Yukaghir tribe from which the Chukchi themselves eventually developed. Chuvanskoye was founded in 1930 as a

collective farm Collective farming and communal farming are various types of "agricultural production in which multiple farmers run their holdings as a joint enterprise". There are two broad types of communal farms: agricultural cooperatives, in which member-o ...

, which was reorganised in the 1940s as the Chuvanskoye Kolkhoz "Znamya Sovetov" (although other sources suggest the village was not formally established until 1951). In the 1960s the Kolkhoz was merged with the collective farm in Markovo and

Lamutskoye Lamutskoye () is a rural locality (a '' selo'') in Anadyrsky District of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia, located northwest of Markovo and northeast of Chuvanskoye on the middle reaches of the Anadyr River.Chereshev, p. 12 As of the 2010 ...

to form the "Markovsky State Farm". As a result of the collapse of the Soviet Union, small villages like Chuvanskoye were extremely hard hit. In 2000, the monthly living wage across Chukotka was estimated at R.3,800 however, the average wage in Chuvanskoye was a meagre R.50–100.Chereshev, p.13

Demographics

Population a significant reduction on a 2006 estimate of 290,Strogoff, p. 93 though this represented an increase from 217 reported in 2005 for an environmental impact report for the Kupol gold project.Bema Gold Corporation, p.87 Of the people living in the village in 2005, all of them were of indigenous origin.Bema Gold Corporation, p.89 Chuvanskoye and the lands surrounding it are the main area of settlement in the

autonomous okrug Autonomous okrugs, () which are also referred to as "autonomous districts" or "autonomous areas" are a type of federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of the Russia, Russian Federation and simultaneously an administrative division type of ...

for the

ethnic group,Dallman, Map 3.6 a branch of the

people, who lived near the Anadyr River. Almost all the men in the village spend most of their time in the

Taiga Taiga or tayga ( ; , ), also known as boreal forest or snow forest, is a biome characterized by coniferous forests consisting mostly of pines, spruces, and larches. The taiga, or boreal forest, is the world's largest land biome. In North A ...

with their reindeer herds. The village has a school, library and house of culture.

Climate

Chuvanskoye has a continental

subarctic climate The subarctic climate (also called subpolar climate, or boreal climate) is a continental climate with long, cold (often very cold) winters, and short, warm to cool summers. It is found on large landmasses, often away from the moderating effects of ...

(''Dfc'').McKnight and Hess, pp.232–5 The village experiences extremely cold winters. Temperatures generally do not rise above freezing between the beginning of October and the following May and are generally below −20 °C between the beginning of November and the following February. The summer is short and mild with temperatures averaging above 10 °C in July only, although record temperatures over 30 °C have been recorded.

References

Notes

Sources

*Bema Gold Corporation
Environmental Impact Assessment, Kupol Gold Project, Far East Russia
June 2005. *Chereshev, E and Shestakov, A. (2003
Anadyr River Watershed, Rapid Assessment Report
Institute of biological Problems of the North, Wild Salmon Centre. *W. K. Dallmann
Indigenous Peoples of the north of the Russian Federation
Map 3.6, ''Chukotskiy Avtonomyy Okrug''. 1997. * * * *M Strogoff, P-C Brochet, and D. Auzia
''Petit Futé: Chukotka''
(2006). "Avant-Garde" Publishing House. {{Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Rural localities in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Anadyrsky District