''Chumma'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 20% of Earth's land area and 6% of its total surfac ...

spider Spiders (order (biology), order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight limbs, chelicerae with fangs generally able to inject venom, and spinnerets that extrude spider silk, silk. They are the largest order of arachnids and ran ...

s in the family

Macrobunidae Macrobunidae is a family of araneomorph spiders. It was treated as a subfamily of Amaurobiidae until elevated to a full family based on a 2023 molecular phylogenetic study. Taxonomy A 2023 molecular phylogenetic study of the 'marronoid' group of ...

first described by Rudy Jocqué in 2001. They are small, three-clawed spiders with a strong dorsal

scutum The ''scutum'' (; :''scuta'') was a type of shield used among Italic peoples in antiquity, most notably by the army of ancient Rome starting about the fourth century BC. The Romans adopted it when they switched from the military formation of ...

. They have no

fovea Fovea () (Latin for "pit"; plural foveae ) is a term in anatomy. It refers to a pit or depression in a structure. Human anatomy *Fovea centralis of the retina * Fovea buccalis or dimple * Fovea of the femoral head * Trochlear fovea of the fr ...

, and the posterior and median

spinnerets A spinneret is a silk-spinning organ of a spider or the larva of an insect. Some adult insects also have spinnerets, such as those borne on the forelegs of Embioptera. Spinnerets are usually on the underside of a spider's opisthosoma, and ar ...

are reduced. The males of ''C. gastroperforata'' have two pairs of abdominal pockets that play a role in mating. This genus was initially placed in the family Chummidae, but the

World Spider Catalog The World Spider Catalog (WSC) is an online searchable database concerned with spider taxonomy. It aims to list all accepted families, genera and species, as well as provide access to the related taxonomic literature. The WSC began as a series of ...

places it in

Amaurobiidae Amaurobiidae is a family of three-clawed cribellate or ecribellate spiders found in crevices and hollows or under stones where they build retreats, and are often collected in pitfall traps. Unlidded burrows are sometimes quite obvious in crusty, ...

Species

it contains nine species in

South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the Southern Africa, southernmost country in Africa. Its Provinces of South Africa, nine provinces are bounded to the south by of coastline that stretches along the Atlantic O ...

and neighboring countries: *'' Chumma bicolor'' Jocqué & Alderweireldt, 2018 – South Africa *'' Chumma foliata'' Jocqué & Alderweireldt, 2018 – South Africa *'' Chumma gastroperforata'' Jocqué, 2001 – South Africa *'' Chumma inquieta'' Jocqué, 2001 (

type Type may refer to: Science and technology Computing * Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc. * Data type, collection of values used for computations. * File type * TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file. * ...

) – South Africa *'' Chumma interfluvialis'' Jocqué & Alderweireldt, 2018 – South Africa *'' Chumma lesotho'' Jocqué & Alderweireldt, 2018 – Lesotho *'' Chumma striata'' Jocqué & Alderweireldt, 2018 – South Africa *'' Chumma subridens'' Jocqué & Alderweireldt, 2018 – South Africa *'' Chumma tsitsikamma'' Jocqué & Alderweireldt, 2018 – South Africa

References

External links

* Jeremy Miller
Picture of a ''Chumma'' sp.
Spiders of South Africa Macrobunidae genera Macrobunidae {{Araneomorphae-stub