Chuadanga District () is a district in south western

Bangladesh Bangladesh, officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, eighth-most populous country in the world and among the List of countries and dependencies by ...

, specifically

Khulna Division Khulna Division () is the second largest of the eight divisions of Bangladesh. It has an area of and a population of 17,416,645 at the 2022 Bangladesh census (preliminary returns). Its headquarters and largest city is Khulna city in Khulna Dist ...

. It is bordered by the

Indian state India is a federal union comprising 28 states and 8 union territories, for a total of 36 subnational entities. The states and union territories are further subdivided into 800 districts and smaller administrative divisions by the respe ...

West Bengal West Bengal (; Bengali language, Bengali: , , abbr. WB) is a States and union territories of India, state in the East India, eastern portion of India. It is situated along the Bay of Bengal, along with a population of over 91 million inhabi ...

to the west,

Meherpur Meherpur is a city and municipality in western Bangladesh. It is the headquarters of Meherpur District. It is situated along the Bhairab River. Demographics According to the 2022 Bangladesh census, Meherpur city had a population of 47,133 an ...

District to the northwest,

Jessore Jessore (, ), officially Jashore, is a city of Jessore District in Khulna Division. It lies in southwestern Bangladesh. It is home to the first flight training school of the Bangladeshi Air Force, established in 1971. Jessore city consists of 9 wa ...

District to the south,

Jhenaidah Jhenaidah () is a city in the Khulna Division of south-western Bangladesh. Jhenaidah is the headquarters of Jhenaidah Sadar Upazila and Jhenaidah District. The city has a population of about 140,000, making it the 34th largest city in Banglades ...

District to the east, and

Kushtia Kushtia () is a city located on the banks of the Gorai River in Bangladesh. It serves as the headquarters of Kushtia District and is considered the cultural capital of Bangladesh. The city is known for its Tiler Khaja (sesame sweets), kulf ...

District to the north. Before partition Chuadanga was one of the five subdivisions of

Nadia district Nadia () is a district in the state of West Bengal, India. It borders Bangladesh to the east, North 24 Parganas and Hooghly districts to the south, Purba Bardhaman to the west, and Murshidabad to the north. Nadia district is highly influe ...

History

Chuadanga witnessed a number of uprisings during the British rule of India. The uprisings included

Wahabi Movement Wahhabism is an exonym for a Salafi revivalist movement within Sunni Islam named after the 18th-century Hanbali scholar Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab. It was initially established in the central Arabian region of Najd and later spread to other p ...

(1831), Faraizi Movement(1838–47), Sepoy Rebellion (1857),

Indigo Rebellion The Indigo revolt (or ''Nil bidroha''; Bengali: নীল বিদ্রোহ) was a peasant movement and subsequent uprising of indigo farmers against the indigo planters, that arose in Bengal in 1859, and continued for over a year. The villa ...

(1859–60),

Khilafat Movement The Khilafat movement (1919–22) was a political campaign launched by Indian Muslims in British India over British policy against Turkey and the planned dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire after World War I by Allied forces. Leaders particip ...

(1920),

Swadeshi Movement The Swadeshi movement was a self-sufficiency movement that was part of the Indian independence movement and contributed to the development of Indian nationalism. Before the BML Government's decision for the partition of Bengal was made public i ...

(1906),

Non-cooperation movement Non-cooperation movement may refer to: * Non-cooperation movement (1919–1922), during the Indian independence movement, led by Mahatma Gandhi against British rule * Non-cooperation movement (1971), a movement in East Pakistan * Non-cooperatio ...

, Violation of Law and

Salt Satyagraha The Salt march, also known as the Salt Satyagraha, Dandi March, and the Dandi Satyagraha, was an act of non violent civil disobedience in colonial India, led by Mahatma Gandhi. The 24-day march lasted from 12 March 1930 to 6 April 1930 as a di ...

(1920–40), and Quit India Movement or August Revolt (1942). Under

British rule The British Raj ( ; from Hindustani , 'reign', 'rule' or 'government') was the colonial rule of the British Crown on the Indian subcontinent, * * lasting from 1858 to 1947. * * It is also called Crown rule in India, * * * * or dire ...

, Chuadanga was a sub-division within

Nadia District Nadia () is a district in the state of West Bengal, India. It borders Bangladesh to the east, North 24 Parganas and Hooghly districts to the south, Purba Bardhaman to the west, and Murshidabad to the north. Nadia district is highly influe ...

. During partition, in 1947, excepting Krishnaganj thana (still under Nadia in West Bengal), Chuadanga was incorporated into East Pakistan. History of Chuadanga can be found in Nadia District Gazetteer during British rule.Nadia District Gazetteer
During

Bangladesh War of Independence The Bangladesh Liberation War (, ), also known as the Bangladesh War of Independence, was an War, armed conflict sparked by the rise of the Bengali nationalism, Bengali nationalist and self-determination movement in East Pakistan, which res ...

in 1971, Chuadanga was declared as the first capital of Bangladesh on 10 April. Chuadanga was the location of more than 100 battles between the Pakistan Army and the pro-independence

Mukti Bahini The Mukti Bahini, initially called the Mukti Fauj, also known as the Bangladesh Forces, was a big tent armed guerrilla resistance movement consisting of the Bangladeshi military personnel, paramilitary personnel and civilians during the Ba ...

. There is a mass graveyard of the victims of the

Bangladesh genocide The Bangladesh genocide was the ethnic cleansing of Bengalis residing in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) during the Bangladesh Liberation War, perpetrated by the Pakistan Army and the Razakar (Pakistan), Razakars. It began on 25 March 1971, as ...

during the

behind the Chuadanga Government Hospital.

Geography

Chuadanga district has an area of 1,157.42 km². It shares domestic borders with the

Kushtia District Kushtia District (; ) is a district in the Khulna Division, Khulna administrative division of western Bangladesh. Kushtia is the second largest municipality in Bangladesh and the eleventh largest city in the country. Kushtia has existed as a sepa ...

on the northeast,

on the northwest, and Jhenaidah on the south and southeast. On its southwest lies the

(in the state of

India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...

). In January 2018, the district had the lowest temperature in Bangladesh.

Administration

Until the

Partition of India The partition of India in 1947 was the division of British India into two independent dominion states, the Dominion of India, Union of India and Dominion of Pakistan. The Union of India is today the Republic of India, and the Dominion of Paki ...

in 1947 Chuadanga sub-division was within Nadia district. Deputy Commissioner (DC): Mohammad Aminul Islam Khan

Subdistricts

Chuadanga district is divided into four ''Upazilas which run cities of the same name.'' *

Chuadanga Sadar Upazila Chuadanga Sadar () is an upazila of Chuadanga District in Khulna, Bangladesh. It was designated as the provisional capital of Bangladesh during the Independence War in 1971. Geography Chuadanga Sadar is located at . It has 77,144 households and an ...

Alamdanga Upazila Alamdanga () is an upazila of Chuadanga District in Khulna, Bangladesh. It covers an area of . Geography Alamdanga is located at . It has 86,299 households and an area 364.66 km2. Demographics As of the 2011 Census of Bangladesh, Alamdang ...

* Jibannagar Upazila *

Damurhuda Upazila Damurhuda () is an upazila of Chuadanga District in the Division of Khulna, Bangladesh. Damurhuda Thana was turned into an upazila in 1983. Geography Damurhuda is located at . It has 69,836 households and a total area of . Dumurhuda Upazila is bo ...

Demographics

According to the

2022 Census of Bangladesh The 2022 Bangladeshi census () was a detailed enumeration of the Bangladeshi population constituting the sixth national census in the country. It was scheduled to be held in June 2022, was conducted by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, and th ...

, Chuadanga District had 326,714 households and a population of 1,234,054 with an average 3.75 people per household. Among the population, 198,693 (16.10%) inhabitants were under 10 years of age. The population density was 1051 people per km². Chuadanga District had a literacy rate (age 7 and over) of 71.20%, compared to the national average of 74.80%, and a sex ratio of 1031 females per 1000 males. Approximately, 24.37% of the population lived in urban areas. The ethnic population was 707. In 2011, Muslims formed 97.46% of the population, Hindus 2.35%, and others 0.19%. There is a small population of 1,600 Christians mainly in Damurhuda Upazila. Many people from Nadia of India,

Munshiganj Munshiganj (), historically known as Bikrampur, is a town in Dhaka division in central Bangladesh. It is the headquarters of Munshiganj District. Munshiganj is one of the world's oldest continually inhabited urban place. Etymology Munshiganj w ...

and

Chandpur, Bangladesh Chandpur is a city and district headquarter of Chandpur District in Chattogram Division, Bangladesh. It stands near the confluence of the Padma River and the Meghna River. Chandpur city was made a municipality in 1892. Demographics According ...

Comilla Comilla (), officially spelled Cumilla, is a metropolis on the banks of the Gomti River in eastern Bangladesh. Comilla was one of the cities of ancient Bengal. It was once the capital of Tripura kingdom. Comilla Airport is located in the Duli ...

settled in Chuadanga after 1947. The

population Population is a set of humans or other organisms in a given region or area. Governments conduct a census to quantify the resident population size within a given jurisdiction. The term is also applied to non-human animals, microorganisms, and pl ...

of the district was 987,382 during the 2001 national survey with 50.82% male and female 49.18% compositions.

Economy

Most of this small district is dedicated to

agriculture Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, and forestry for food and non-food products. Agriculture was a key factor in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created ...

. Occupational distributions clearly show this with agriculture employing 68% of the labour force, while only 12% are involved in

commerce Commerce is the organized Complex system, system of activities, functions, procedures and institutions that directly or indirectly contribute to the smooth, unhindered large-scale exchange (distribution through Financial transaction, transactiona ...

. Total cultivable land amounts to 894.20 km², of which 57% is under some sort of irrigation. Cotton is a cash crop grown in the district and in 2013, cotton was cultivated in 4,149 hectares. Besides agriculture the district is now experiencing industrial growth. Major industries include Zaman Group of Industries, Bangas bread and biscuit, Tallu Spinning mills Ltd, Khatun Plastic Limited, and Carew & Company Bangladesh Limited. Carew & Co (Bangladesh) Ltd (1933), which is situated at

Darshana In Indian religions, a ''darshan'' (Sanskrit: दर्शन, ; 'showing, appearance, view, sight') or ''darshanam'' is the auspicious sight of a deity or a holy person. The term also refers to any one of the six traditional schools of Hind ...

of Chuadanga district. Sugar cane is cultivated in Darshana. Carew & Company has a distillery also which is the lone spirit producing plant of Bangladesh, Carew & Company Bangladesh Limited is an enterprise of Bangladesh Sugar & Food Industries Corporation (BSFIC). BSFIC is an autonomous body of Ministry of Industries.

Transportation

Chuadanga is connected to four of its neighbouring districts (Kushtia, Jessore, Jhenidah and Meherpur) through inter-district highways and connected to Jessore, Jhenaidah and Kushtia by railway. The district is connected to the rest of the country by five highways and a railway. There are 203 km of finished road, 211 km herring-bone and 132 km mud road. A total length of railway tracks of just over 50 km connects the three railway stations inside the district with the country's railway network. By 2013, five out of the ten stations in the district were shut down due to a lack of manpower.

Notes

References

External links

* {{Authority control Chuadanga District Districts of Bangladesh Khulna Division