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Chthoniidae is a family of
pseudoscorpion Pseudoscorpions, also known as false scorpions or book scorpions, are small, scorpion-like arachnids belonging to the order Pseudoscorpiones, also known as Pseudoscorpionida or Chelonethida. Pseudoscorpions are generally beneficial to humans sin ...
s within the superfamily
Chthonioidea The Chthonioidea are a superfamily of pseudoscorpions, representing the earliest diverging and most primitive living pseudoscorpions. The superfamily contains two families. *Pseudotyrannochthoniidae — worldwide (c. 5 genera, 50 species) * Chtho ...
. The family contains more than 600 species in about 30 genera. Fossil species are known from
Baltic Baltic may refer to: Peoples and languages *Baltic languages, a subfamily of Indo-European languages, including Lithuanian, Latvian and extinct Old Prussian *Balts (or Baltic peoples), ethnic groups speaking the Baltic languages and/or originatin ...
, Dominican, and
Burmese amber Burmese amber, also known as Burmite or Kachin amber, is amber from the Hukawng Valley in northern Myanmar. The amber is dated to around 100 million years ago, during the latest Albian to earliest Cenomanian ages of the mid-Cretaceous period. ...
.Biology Catalog Chthoniidae now includes the former families Tridenchthoniidae, and Lechytiidae which has been demoted to subfamilies.


Genera

For a list of all currently described species see List of Chthoniidae species. * '' Aphrastochthonius'' J. C. Chamberlin, 1962
Mexico Mexico ( Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guate ...
, southern US, Guatemala,
Cuba Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, República de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located where the northern Caribbea ...
* '' Apochthonius'' J. C. Chamberlin, 1929North America * '' Austrochthonius'' J. C. Chamberlin, 1929
South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the souther ...
, Australia,
New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 List of islands of New Zealand, smaller islands. It is the ...
* '' Caribchthonius'' Muchmore, 1976Caribbean * '' Chiliochthonius'' Vitali-di Castri, 1975
Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the eas ...
* ''
Chthonius In Greek mythology, the name Chthonius or Chthonios (, , "of the earth or underworld") may refer to: *Chthonius, an Egyptian prince as one of the sons of King Aegyptus. Apollodorus, 2.1.5 His mother was the naiad Caliadne and thus full brother ...
'' C. L. Koch, 1843
Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a subcontinent of Eurasia and it is located enti ...
to
Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkm ...
,
North Africa North Africa, or Northern Africa is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Mauritania in t ...
, Balearic Islands, USA; one
cosmopolitan Cosmopolitan may refer to: Food and drink * Cosmopolitan (cocktail), also known as a "Cosmo" History * Rootless cosmopolitan, a Soviet derogatory epithet during Joseph Stalin's anti-Semitic campaign of 1949–1953 Hotels and resorts * Cosmopoli ...
species * '' Congochthonius'' Beier, 1959
Zaire Zaire (, ), officially the Republic of Zaire (french: République du Zaïre, link=no, ), was a Congolese state from 1971 to 1997 in Central Africa that was previously and is now again known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Zaire was, ...
* '' Drepanochthonius'' Beier, 1964 — Chile * '' Francochthonius'' Vitali-di Castri, 1975 — Chile * '' Kleptochthonius'' J. C. Chamberlin, 1949 — USA * ''
Lagynochthonius ''Lagynochthonius'' is a genus of pseudoscorpions in the family (biology), family Chthoniidae. It was described in 1951 by Austrian arachnology, arachnologist Max Beier. Species , the World Pseudoscorpiones Catalog accepted the following speci ...
'' Beier, 1951
Australasia Australasia is a region that comprises Australia, New Zealand and some neighbouring islands in the Pacific Ocean. The term is used in a number of different contexts, including geopolitically, physiogeographically, philologically, and ecolo ...
, Africa * '' Malcolmochthonius'' Benedict, 1978 — USA * '' Maorichthonius'' J. C. Chamberlin, 1925 — New Zealand * '' Mexichthonius'' Muchmore, 1975 — Mexico,
Texas Texas (, ; Spanish language, Spanish: ''Texas'', ''Tejas'') is a state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. At 268,596 square miles (695,662 km2), and with more than 29.1 million residents in 2 ...
* '' Mundochthonius'' J. C. Chamberlin, 1929
Eurasia Eurasia (, ) is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. Primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres, it spans from the British Isles and the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Japanese archipelag ...
,
Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic ( ; es, República Dominicana, ) is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean region. It occupies the eastern five-eighths of the island, which it shares with ...
, North America * ''
Neochthonius ''Neochthonius'' is a genus of pseudoscorpions belonging to the family Chthoniidae Chthoniidae is a family of pseudoscorpions within the superfamily Chthonioidea. The family contains more than 600 species in about 30 genera. Fossil species a ...
'' J. C. Chamberlin, 1929
California California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the most populous U.S. state and the 3rd largest by area. It is also the ...
,
Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Moldova to the east, a ...
(?) * ''
Paraliochthonius ''Paraliochthonius'' is a genus of pseudoscorpions in the Chthoniidae family (biology), family. It was described in 1956 by Austrian arachnology, arachnologist Max Beier. Species The genus contains the following species: * ''Paraliochthonius az ...
'' Beier, 1956 — Europe, Africa,
Florida Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, a ...
, several islands * '' Pseudochthonius'' Balzan, 1892 — South,
Central America Central America ( es, América Central or ) is a subregion of the Americas. Its boundaries are defined as bordering the United States to the north, Colombia to the south, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. ...
, Africa * '' Sathrochthoniella'' Beier, 1967 — New Zealand * ''
Sathrochthonius ''Sathrochthonius'' is a genus of pseudoscorpions in the family (biology), family Chthoniidae. It was described in 1962 by American arachnology, arachnologist Joseph Conrad Chamberlin. Species , the World Pseudoscorpiones Catalog accepted the ...
'' J. C. Chamberlin, 1962 — Australia to New Caledonia, South America * '' Spelyngochthonius'' Beier, 1955
Sardinia Sardinia ( ; it, Sardegna, label= Italian, Corsican and Tabarchino ; sc, Sardigna , sdc, Sardhigna; french: Sardaigne; sdn, Saldigna; ca, Sardenya, label= Algherese and Catalan) is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, af ...
,
Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = '' Plus ultra'' ( Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , ...
,
France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan ar ...
* '' Stygiochthonius'' Carabajal Marquez, Garcia Carrillo & Rodriguez Fernandez, 2001 — Spain * '' Troglochthonius'' Beier, 1939
Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...
,
Yugoslavia Yugoslavia (; sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Jugoslavija, Југославија ; sl, Jugoslavija ; mk, Југославија ;; rup, Iugoslavia; hu, Jugoszlávia; rue, label= Pannonian Rusyn, Югославия, translit=Juhoslavij ...
* '' Tyrannochthoniella'' Beier, 1966 — New Zealand * ''
Tyrannochthonius ''Tyrannochthonius'' is a genus of pseudoscorpions in the family (biology), family Chthoniidae. It was described in 1929 by American arachnology, arachnologist Joseph Conrad Chamberlin. Species , the World Pseudoscorpiones Catalog accepted the ...
'' J. C. Chamberlin, 1929 — Brazil to southern USA, Australasia, Africa,
Hawaii Hawaii ( ; haw, Hawaii or ) is a state in the Western United States, located in the Pacific Ocean about from the U.S. mainland. It is the only U.S. state outside North America, the only state that is an archipelago, and the only ...
* '' Vulcanochthonius'' Muchmore, 2000 — Hawai'i * †'' Weygoldtiella'' Harvey ''et al.'', 2018
Burmese amber Burmese amber, also known as Burmite or Kachin amber, is amber from the Hukawng Valley in northern Myanmar. The amber is dated to around 100 million years ago, during the latest Albian to earliest Cenomanian ages of the mid-Cretaceous period. ...
, Myanmar Cenomanian *†'' Prionochthonius —'' Burmese amber, Myanmar Cenomanian


Tridenchthoniinae

* ''
Anaulacodithella ''Anaulacodithella'' is a genus of pseudoscorpions in the family Chthoniidae. It has about seven described species. Species The genus contains the following species: * ''Anaulacodithella angustimana'' Beier, 1955 * ''Anaulacodithella australic ...
—'' Southern Africa, Australia, New Caledonia * † ''
Chelignathus ''Chelignathus'' is an extinct genus of pseudoscorpion in the family Tridenchthoniidae. There is one described species in ''Chelignathus'', ''C. kochii''. References

Chthoniidae Articles created by Qbugbot Pseudoscorpion genera { ...
'' * ''
Compsaditha ''Compsaditha'' is a genus of pseudoscorpions in the family Chthoniidae. There are about 12 described species in ''Compsaditha''. Species These 12 species belong to the genus ''Compsaditha'': References Further reading * * * * * Ex ...
—'' Africa, South America, South and Southeast Asia, Seychelles * ''
Cryptoditha ''Cryptoditha'' is a genus of pseudoscorpions in the family Chthoniidae Chthoniidae is a family of pseudoscorpions within the superfamily Chthonioidea. The family contains more than 600 species in about 30 genera. Fossil species are known fr ...
—'' South America * ''
Ditha ''Ditha'' is a genus of pseudoscorpions in the family Chthoniidae. There are about 14 described species in ''Ditha''. Species These 14 species belong to the genus ''Ditha'': References Further reading * * * * * External links

...
'' — Africa, Southeast Asia, Oceania * ''
Dithella ''Dithella'' is a genus of pseudoscorpions in the family Chthoniidae Chthoniidae is a family of pseudoscorpions within the superfamily Chthonioidea. The family contains more than 600 species in about 30 genera. Fossil species are known from ...
—'' Southeast Asia * ''
Haploditha ''Haploditha'' is a genus of pseudoscorpions in the family Tridenchthoniidae Chthoniidae is a family of pseudoscorpions within the superfamily Chthonioidea. The family contains more than 600 species in about 30 genera. Fossil species are kn ...
—'' South America * ''
Heterolophus ''Heterolophus'' is a genus of pseudoscorpions in the family Chthoniidae Chthoniidae is a family of pseudoscorpions within the superfamily Chthonioidea. The family contains more than 600 species in about 30 genera. Fossil species are known f ...
—'' Australia, South America * ''
Neoditha ''Neoditha'' is a genus of pseudoscorpions in the family Chthoniidae Chthoniidae is a family of pseudoscorpions within the superfamily Chthonioidea. The family contains more than 600 species in about 30 genera. Fossil species are known from ...
'' — South America * ''
Pycnodithella ''Pycnodithella'' is a genus of pseudoscorpions in the family Chthoniidae Chthoniidae is a family of pseudoscorpions within the superfamily Chthonioidea. The family contains more than 600 species in about 30 genera. Fossil species are known ...
'' — Africa, Australia * ''
Sororoditha ''Sororoditha'' is a genus of pseudoscorpions in the family Chthoniidae. There is at least one described species in ''Sororoditha'', ''S. hirsuta''. References Further reading * * * * * External links

* Chthoniidae Ps ...
'' — South America * ''
Tridenchthonius ''Tridenchthonius'' is a genus of pseudoscorpions in the family Chthoniidae. There are about 16 described species in ''Tridenchthonius''. Species These 16 species belong to the genus ''Tridenchthonius'': References Further reading * * * ...
'' — Africa, South and Central America * ''
Typhloditha ''Typhloditha'' is a genus of pseudoscorpions in the family Chthoniidae Chthoniidae is a family of pseudoscorpions within the superfamily Chthonioidea. The family contains more than 600 species in about 30 genera. Fossil species are known fr ...
'' — Africa * ''
Verrucaditha ''Verrucaditha'' is a monotypic genus of pseudoscorpions in the family Chthoniidae Chthoniidae is a family of pseudoscorpions within the superfamily Chthonioidea. The family contains more than 600 species in about 30 genera. Fossil species ...
'' — North America * ''
Verrucadithella ''Verrucadithella'' is a genus of pseudoscorpions in the family Chthoniidae Chthoniidae is a family of pseudoscorpions within the superfamily Chthonioidea. The family contains more than 600 species in about 30 genera. Fossil species are know ...
'' — Africa, South America


Lechytiinae

* ''
Lechytia ''Lechytia'' is a genus of pseudoscorpions in the subfamily Lechytiinae within the family Chthoniidae. It is the sole genus in its subfamily and contains 22 described species from many parts of the world.Biology Catalog Species * '' Lechytia ana ...
'' Balzan, 1892 Worldwide


References

* Joel Hallan's Biology Catalog
Chthoniidae
Pseudoscorpion families {{pseudoscorpion-stub