The Chthamaloidea are a subdivision of
Balanomorpha
The Balanomorpha are an order of barnacles, containing familiar acorn barnacles of the seashore. The order contains these families:
* Austrobalanidae Newman & Ross, 1976
* Balanidae Leach, 1817 (acorn barnacles)
* Bathylasmatidae Newman & Ross ...
proposed by Newman and Ross
to include
barnacle
A barnacle is a type of arthropod constituting the subclass Cirripedia in the subphylum Crustacea, and is hence related to crabs and lobsters. Barnacles are exclusively marine, and tend to live in shallow and tidal waters, typically in erosive ...
s with shell wall composed of rostrum, carina, and one to three pairs of latera, rarely supplemented with one or more whorls of basal imbricating plates. The
rostrolatus enters the
sheath, but rarely fuses with the
rostrum
Rostrum may refer to:
* Any kind of a platform for a speaker:
**dais
**pulpit
* Rostrum (anatomy), a beak, or anatomical structure resembling a beak, as in the mouthparts of many sucking insects
* Rostrum (ship), a form of bow on naval ships
* Ros ...
, as in the three higher superfamilies. Shell plates are simple in construction, solid, and incorporate organic chitin between carbonate layers.
Opercular plates are deeply interlocked, and in some genera, may become concrescent with age.
[
]
Environmental preferences and distribution
All living Chthamaloidea, and very sparsely known fossil occurrences[ inhabit surf zone/intertidal/subtidal ]littoral
The littoral zone or nearshore is the part of a sea, lake, or river that is close to the shore. In coastal ecology, the littoral zone includes the intertidal zone extending from the high water mark (which is rarely inundated), to coastal areas ...
zone habitats.[ Geographically, chthamaloids may be found in all ]temperate
In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (23.5° to 66.5° N/S of Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth. These zones generally have wider temperature ranges throughout t ...
and tropical
The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator. They are defined in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere at N and the Tropic of Capricorn in
the Southern Hemisphere at S. The tropics are also referred to ...
seas, but highest diversity is found in tropics.
Included families
These families belong to the superfamily Chthamaloidea:[
* ]Catophragmidae
The Catophragmidae are a family of barnacles in the superfamily Chthamaloidea with eight shell wall plates ( rostrum, carina, paired rostrolatera, carinolatera I and carinolatera II), surrounded by several whorls of imbricating plates. The ...
Utinomi, 1968
* Chionelasmatidae
Chionelasmatidae is a family of barnacles belonging to the order Balanomorpha.
Genera:
* '' Chionelasmus'' Pilsbry, 1911
* ''Eochionelasmus
''Eochionelasmus'' is a genus of symmetrical sessile barnacles in the family Chionelasmatidae. There ...
Buckeridge, 1983
* Chthamalidae
The Chthamalidae are a family of chthamaloid barnacles, living entirely in intertidal/subtidal habitats, characterized by a primary shell wall of eight, six, or four plates, lacking imbricating plate whorls, and either membraneous or more rare ...
Darwin, 1854 (star barnacles)
* Pachylasmatidae
Pachylasmatidae is a family of symmetrical sessile barnacles in the order Balanomorpha. There are about 10 genera and at least 30 described species in Pachylasmatidae.
Genera
These genera belong to the family Pachylasmatidae:
* '' Atetrapachylas ...
Utinomi, 1968
* Waikalasmatidae Ross & Newman, 2001
References
External links
*
Barnacles
{{Maxillopoda-stub