''Chrysosporium'' is a
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of hyaline
hyphomycetes fungi
A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one ...
in the family
Onygenaceae
The Onygenaceae are a family of fungi in the Ascomycota
Ascomycota is a phylum of the kingdom Fungi that, together with the Basidiomycota, forms the subkingdom Dikarya. Its members are commonly known as the sac fungi or ascomycetes. It is the ...
.
''Chrysosporium'' colonies are moderately fast-growing, flat, white to tan to beige in color; they often have a powdery or
granular
Granularity (also called graininess) is the degree to which a material or system is composed of distinction (philosophy), distinguishable pieces, granular material, "granules" or grain, "grains" (metaphorically).
It can either refer to the exten ...
surface texture.
Hyaline
A hyaline substance is one with a glassy appearance. The word is derived from , and .
Histopathology
Hyaline cartilage is named after its glassy appearance on fresh gross pathology. On light microscopy of H&E stained slides, the extracellula ...
, one-celled (
ameroconidia) are produced directly on vegetative
hyphae
A hypha (; ) is a long, branching, filamentous structure of a fungus, oomycete, or actinobacterium. In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth, and are collectively called a mycelium.
Structure
A hypha consists of one o ...
by non-specialized
conidiogenous cells. Conidia are typically
pyriform to
clavate
This glossary of entomology describes terms used in the formal study of insect species by entomology, entomologists.
A–C
A synthetic chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide, toxic to vertebr ...
with
truncate bases (6 to 7 by 3.5 to 4 um) and are formed either
intercalary (
arthroconidia), laterally (often on
pedicels
In botany, a pedicel is a stem that attaches a single flower to the inflorescence
In botany, an inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a plant's Plant stem, stem that is composed of a main branch or a system of branch ...
), or terminally.
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Clinical significance
Species of ''Chrysosporium'' are occasionally isolated from skin and nail scrapings, especially from feet, but, because they are common soil
saprotrophs, they are usually considered as contaminants. There are about 22 species of Chrysosporium, several are
keratinophilic with some also being
thermotolerant, and cultures may closely resemble some
dermatophytes, especially ''
Trichophyton mentagrophytes'', and some strains may also resemble cultures of
Histoplasma and
Blastomyces
''Chrysosporium'' has been identified as an
emerging infectious disease
An emerging infectious disease (EID) refer to infectious diseases that have either newly appeared in a population or have existed but are rapidly increasing in incidence, geographic range, or severity due to factors such as environmental change ...
, first in Canada affecting
reptile
Reptiles, as commonly defined, are a group of tetrapods with an ectothermic metabolism and Amniotic egg, amniotic development. Living traditional reptiles comprise four Order (biology), orders: Testudines, Crocodilia, Squamata, and Rhynchocepha ...
s at around 1995.
It infected eastern massasauga rattlesnakes (
Sistrurus catenatus catenatus).
By 2011, it had affected northern copperheads (
Agkistrodon contortrix mokasen),
timber rattlesnake
The timber rattlesnake (''Crotalus horridus''), also known Common name, commonly as the canebrake rattlesnake and the banded rattlesnake,Albert Hazen WWright AH, species:Anna Allen WWright AA (1957). ''Handbook of Snakes of the United States a ...
s,
black rat snakes,
black racer snakes and
eastern garter snakes in New Jersey.
[
]
Species
* '' Chrysosporium alboluteolum''
* '' Chrysosporium alvearium''
* '' Chrysosporium articulatum''
* '' Chrysosporium barabicum''
* '' Chrysosporium botryoides''
* '' Chrysosporium carmichaelii''
* '' Chrysosporium chiropterorum''
* '' Chrysosporium christchurchicum''
* '' Chrysosporium clavisporum''
* '' Chrysosporium crassitunicatum''
* '' Chrysosporium echinulatum''
* '' Chrysosporium europae''
* '' Chrysosporium fermentatitritici''
* '' Chrysosporium filiforme''
* '' Chrysosporium fluviale''
* '' Chrysosporium foetidum''
* '' Chrysosporium georgiae''
* '' Chrysosporium globiferum''
* '' Chrysosporium gourii''
* '' Chrysosporium guizhouense''
* '' Chrysosporium hirundinis''
* '' Chrysosporium hispanicum''
* '' Chrysosporium holmii''
* '' Chrysosporium hubeiense''
* '' Chrysosporium inops''
* '' Chrysosporium jingzhouense''
* '' Chrysosporium kreiselii''
* '' Chrysosporium kuzurovianum''
* '' Chrysosporium leigongshanense''
* '' Chrysosporium linfenense''
* '' Chrysosporium lobatum''
* '' Chrysosporium lucknowense''
* '' Chrysosporium magnisporum''
* '' Chrysosporium medium''
* '' Chrysosporium mephiticum''
* '' Chrysosporium merdarium''
* '' Chrysosporium minus''
* '' Chrysosporium minutisporosum''
* '' Chrysosporium oceanitis''
* '' Chrysosporium olivaceum''
* '' Chrysosporium osteophilum''
* '' Chrysosporium pannicola''
* '' Chrysosporium pollaceii''
* '' Chrysosporium pseudomerdarium''
* '' Chrysosporium pyriforme''
* '' Chrysosporium qinghaiense''
* '' Chrysosporium queenslandicum''
* '' Chrysosporium sanyaense''
* '' Chrysosporium sepedonioides''
* '' Chrysosporium sepedonium''
* '' Chrysosporium serratum''
* '' Chrysosporium shanxiense''
* '' Chrysosporium siglerae''
* '' Chrysosporium sinense''
* '' Chrysosporium speluncarum''
* '' Chrysosporium spinosum''
* '' Chrysosporium spinulosum''
* '' Chrysosporium submersum''
* '' Chrysosporium sulphureum''
* '' Chrysosporium synchronum''
* '' Chrysosporium tropicum''
* '' Chrysosporium tuberculatum''
* '' Chrysosporium undulatum''
* '' Chrysosporium vallenarense''
* '' Chrysosporium zonatum''
References
Animal fungal diseases
Mycosis-related cutaneous conditions
Deuteromycota
Onygenales
Taxa described in 1833
Taxa named by August Carl Joseph Corda
Eurotiomycetes genera
{{Eurotiomycetes-stub