''Chrysophyllum'' is a group of trees in the
Sapotaceae
240px, '' Madhuca longifolia'' var. ''latifolia'' in Narsapur, Medak district, India
The Sapotaceae are a family (biology), family of flowering plants belonging to the order (biology), order Ericales. The family includes about 800 species of ev ...
described as a genus by
Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, t ...
in 1753.
The genus is native to tropical regions throughout the world, with the greatest number of species in northern
South America
South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the souther ...
. One species, ''
C. oliviforme'', extends north to southern
Florida
Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, a ...
.
[''Chrysophyllum'' L.]
''World Flora Online''. Accessed 3 December 2022.[''Chrysophyllum'' L.]
''Plants of the World Online'', Kew Science. Accessed 3 December 2022.
Description
''Chrysophyllum'' members are usually tropical
tree
In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, including only woody plants with secondary growth, plants that are ...
s, often growing rapidly to 10–20 m or more in height. The
leaves are oval, 3–15 cm long, green above, densely golden pubescent below, from which the genus is named. The
flower
A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Angiospermae). The biological function of a flower is to facilitate reproduction, usually by providing a mechanism ...
s are small (3–8 mm), purplish white and have a sweet fragrant smell; they are clustered several together, and are
hermaphroditic
In reproductive biology, a hermaphrodite () is an organism that has both kinds of reproductive organs and can produce both gametes associated with male and female sexes.
Many taxonomic groups of animals (mostly invertebrates) do not have se ...
(self fertile). The
fruit
In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants that is formed from the ovary after flowering.
Fruits are the means by which flowering plants (also known as angiosperms) disseminate their seeds. Edible fruits in partic ...
is edible; round, usually purple skinned (sometimes greenish-white), often green around the
calyx
Calyx or calyce (plural "calyces"), from the Latin ''calix'' which itself comes from the Ancient Greek ''κάλυξ'' (''kálux'') meaning "husk" or "pod", may refer to:
Biology
* Calyx (anatomy), collective name for several cup-like structures ...
, with a star pattern in the pulp; the flattened
seed
A seed is an embryonic plant enclosed in a protective outer covering, along with a food reserve. The formation of the seed is a part of the process of reproduction in seed plants, the spermatophytes, including the gymnosperm and angiosper ...
s are light brown and hard. The fruit skin is chewy like gum, and contrary to some reports, is edible.
Flora of China, Vol. 15 Page 208 金叶树属 jin ye shu shu ''Chrysophyllum'' Linnaeus
/ref>
Species
Currently accepted species include:[
;Formerly included][
* '' Donella ambrensis'' Aubrév. (as ''C. ambrense'' (Aubrév.) G.E.Schatz & L.Gaut.)
* '' Donella analalavensis'' Aubrév. (as ''C. analalavense'' (Aubrév.) G.E.Schatz & L.Gaut.)
* '']Donella bangweolensis Donella may refer to:
* ''Donella'' (brachiopod), a fossil genus of brachiopods in the family Pugnacidae
* ''Donella'' (plant), a genus of plants in the family Sapotaceae
* Donella is a forname
** Donella Meadows, American environmental scientis ...
'' (R.E.Fr. & Pellegr.) Mackinder (as ''C. bangweolense'' R.E.Fr. & Pellegr.)
* '' Donella capuronii'' (G.E.Schatz & L.Gaut.) Mackinder & L.Gaut. (as ''C. capuronii'' G.E.Schatz & L.Gaut.)
*'' Donella delphinensis'' Aubrév. (as ''C. delphinense'' (Aubrév.) G.E.Schatz & L.Gaut.)
*'' Donella fenerivensis'' Aubrév. (as ''C. fenerivense'' (Aubrév.) G.E.Schatz & L.Gaut.)
*''Donella guereliana Donella may refer to:
* ''Donella'' (brachiopod), a fossil genus of brachiopods in the family Pugnacidae
* ''Donella'' (plant), a genus of plants in the family Sapotaceae
* Donella is a forname
** Donella Meadows, American environmental scientist ...
'' (Aubrév.) Mackinder (as ''C guerelianum'' (Aubrév.) G.E.Schatz & L.Gaut.)
*'' Donella masoalensis'' Aubrév. (as ''C. masoalense'' (Aubrév.) G.E.Schatz & L.Gaut.)
*'' Donella perrieri'' Lecomte (as ''C. perrieri'' (Lecomte) G.E.Schatz & L.Gaut.)
*'' Donella pruniformis'' (Engl.) Pierre ex Engl. (as ''C. pruniforme'' Engl.)
* '' Donella viridifolia'' (J.M.Wood & Franks) Aubrév. & Pellegr. (as ''C. viridifolium'' J.M.Wood & Franks)
*'' Donella ubangiensis'' (De Wild.) Aubrév. (as ''C. ubangiense'' (De Wild.) Govaerts)
*''Englerophytum longepedicellatum
''Englerophytum'' is a group of trees in the family Sapotaceae described as a genus in 1914.
''Englerophytum'' consists primarily of trees. Their leaves are leathery with dense appressed hairs on the undersides. The genus is widespread across ...
'' (De Wild.) L.Gaut. (as ''C. longifolium'' De Wild.)
*'' Englerophytum magalismontanum'' (Sond.) T.D.Penn. (as ''C. magalismontanum'' Sond.)
*''Englerophytum oblanceolatum
''Englerophytum'' is a group of trees in the family Sapotaceae described as a genus in 1914.
''Englerophytum'' consists primarily of trees. Their leaves are leathery with dense appressed hairs on the undersides. The genus is widespread across t ...
'' (S.Moore) T.D.Penn. (as ''C. tessmannii'' Engl. & K.Krause)
*''Gambeya azaguieana
''Gambeya'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Sapotaceae.
Its native range is Tropical Africa. It is found in the countries of Angola, Benin, Burundi, Cabinda, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of the Congo, ...
'' (J.Miège) Aubrév. & Pellegr. (as ''C. azaguieanum'' J.Miège)
*'' Gambeya beguei'' (Aubrév. & Pellegr.) Aubrév. & Pellegr. (as ''C. beguei'' (Aubrév. & Pellegr.) Aubrév. & Pellegr.)
*'' Gambeya boiviniana'' Pierre (as ''C. boivinianum'' (Pierre) Baehni)
*'' Gambeya boukokoensis'' Aubrév. & Pellegr. (as ''C. boukokoense'' (Aubrév. & Pellegr.) L.Gaut.)
*''Gambeya gigantea
''Gambeya'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Sapotaceae.
Its native range is Tropical Africa. It is found in the countries of Angola, Benin, Burundi, Cabinda, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of the Congo, ...
'' (A.Chev.) Aubrév. & Pellegr. (as ''C. giganteum'' A.Chev.)
*''Gambeya gorungosana
''Gambeya gorungosana'' is species of evergreen tree native to eastern and central Africa.
Range and habitat
''Gambeya gorungosana'' ranges across eastern and central Africa, from Mozambique and Zimbabwe through Zambia, Malawi, Tanzania, Burundi ...
'' (Engl.) Liben (as ''C. gorungosanum'' Engl.)
*''Gambeya lacourtiana
''Gambeya'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Sapotaceae.
Its native range is Tropical Africa. It is found in the countries of Angola, Benin, Burundi, Cabinda, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of the Congo, ...
'' (De Wild.) Aubrév. & Pellegr. (as ''C. lacourtianum'' De Wild.)
*'' Gambeya lungi'' (De Wild.) Aubrév. & Pellegr. (as ''C. lungi'' De Wild.)
*'' Gambeya muerensis'' (Engl.) Liben (as ''C. muerense'' Engl.)
*'' Gambeya taiensis'' (Aubrév. & Pellegr.) Aubrév. & Pellegr. (as ''C. taiense'' Aubrév. & Pellegr.)
*''Jacquinia arborea
''Jacquinia arborea'' is a species of flowering plant, a tree in the family Primulaceae. Common names for this species is torchwood, azucares, barbasco, and braceletwood.
The species is native to Aruba, Dominican Republic, Honduras, Jamaica ...
'' Vahl (as ''C. barbasco'' Loefl.)
*''Micropholis rugosa
''Micropholis rugosa'' is a species of plant in the family Sapotaceae. It is endemic to Jamaica.
References
rugosa
Near threatened plants
Endemic flora of Jamaica
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
{{Sapotaceae-stub ...
'' (Sw.) Pierre (as ''C. rugosum'' Sw.)
*''Palaquium philippense
''Palaquium philippense'' is a species of plant in the family Sapotaceae. It is endemic to the Philippines. It is threatened by habitat loss.
According to Blanco's book (1845), ''Palaquium philippense'', one of the tallest forest trees is a ...
'' (Perr.) C.B.Rob. (as ''C. philippense'' Perr.)
*''Pouteria alnifolia
''Pouteria'' is a genus of flowering trees in the gutta-percha family, Sapotaceae. The genus is widespread throughout the tropical regions of the world. It includes the canistel ('' P. campechiana''), the mamey sapote ('' P. sapota''), and ...
'' (Baker) Roberty (as ''C. alnifolium'' Baker)
*''Pouteria gardneri
''Pouteria gardneri'' is a species of plant in the family Sapotaceae. It is a tree native to Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay. Its conservation status is insufficiently known.
References
Flora of Brazil
Flora of Bolivia
Flora of Paraguay ...
'' (Mart. & Miq.) Baehni (as ''C. gardneri'' Mart. & Miq.)
*''Pouteria macrophylla
''Pouteria'' is a genus of flowering trees in the gutta-percha family, Sapotaceae. The genus is widespread throughout the tropical regions of the world. It includes the canistel ('' P. campechiana''), the mamey sapote ('' P. sapota''), and ...
'' (Lam.) Eyma (as ''C. macrophyllum'' Lam.)
*''Pouteria reticulata
''Pouteria'' is a genus of flowering trees in the gutta-percha family, Sapotaceae. The genus is widespread throughout the tropical regions of the world. It includes the canistel ('' P. campechiana''), the mamey sapote ('' P. sapota''), and the ...
'' (Engl.) Eyma (as ''C. reticulatum'' Engl.)
*''Pradosia brevipes
''Pradosia'' is a genus of plants in the family Sapotaceae described as a genus in 1872.Liais, Emmanuel. 1872. Climats Geologies, Faune et Geographie Botanique du Bresil 614
Most of the species of ''Pradosia'' are native to Central and South Am ...
'' (Pierre) T.D.Penn. (as ''C. soboliferum'' Rizzini)
*'' Pradosia lactescens'' (Vell.) Radlk. (as ''C. burahem'' Riedel)
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q2105812
Sapotaceae genera
Neotropical realm flora