''Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium'' is a flowering plant within the family Asteraceae and the genus ''

Chrysanthemum Chrysanthemums ( ), sometimes called mums or chrysanths, are flowering plants in the Asteraceae family. They are native to East Asia and northeastern Europe. Most species originate from East Asia, and the center of diversity is in China. Co ...

''. It is a perennial flowering plant that is often noted because of its yellow flowers. It has 18 chromosomes at the diploid stage.

Description

The plant grows up to tall and consists of a herb and its flower. The herb is erect, and the flowers have yellow sepals and multiple carpals. The herb has a green, oblong leaf with pinnate venation. These

leaves A leaf (: leaves) is a principal appendage of the stem of a vascular plant, usually borne laterally above ground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", while the leaves, stem, ...

are about long and 4–6 cm wide. The leaf blade is broad, while the base is suddenly narrowed and of an ovate or lanceolate lobed shape. The leaves are in alternate arrangement throughout the stem. In addition, it has a broad sinus base with "dorsifixed pubescence" underneath. The petiole is about 1–2 cm long. The

rhizome In botany and dendrology, a rhizome ( ) is a modified subterranean plant stem that sends out roots and Shoot (botany), shoots from its Node (botany), nodes. Rhizomes are also called creeping rootstalks or just rootstalks. Rhizomes develop from ...

is short, while the stem is erect, long branched, and colored white pubescent. There are only a few stem leaves. The flowers grow in a

corymb Corymb is a botanical term for an inflorescence with the flowers growing in such a fashion that the outermost are borne on longer pedicels than the inner, bringing all flowers up to a common level. A corymb has a flattish top with a superficial re ...

-style head and are terminal. They also have yellow heads that contain multiple carpals; these stretch from 14–15 mm in diameter. They also contain three or four oblong

bract In botany, a bract is a modified or specialized leaf, associated with a reproductive structure such as a flower, inflorescence axis or cone scale. Bracts are usually different from foliage leaves in size, color, shape or texture. They also lo ...

s that have soft tissue and are elliptical and tipped. These bracts have hemispherical involucre or coverings. In addition, the yellow corollas of the flower are about 5–7 mm long and 1.5–2 mm wide These heads stretch to about 1.5 cm in diameter. These bisexual florets have obtuse and irregular anther bases. They have pistillate ray florets that can be yellow or white. From these florets, they produce

achene An achene (; ), also sometimes called akene and occasionally achenium or achenocarp, is a type of simple fruit, simple dry fruits, dry fruit produced by many species of flowering plants. Achenes are monocarpellate (formed from one carpel) and Dehi ...

s, which are indehiscent and angled. The pappus, a modified calyx, is not present or is extremely small.

Taxonomy

The species was first described in 1872 by Ernst von Trautvetter as ''Pyrethrum lavandulifolium'', with the name attributed to Friedrich von Fischer. In 1909,

Tomitaro Makino was a pioneer Japanese botanist noted for his taxonomic work. He has been called "Father of Japanese Botany", having been one of the first Japanese botanists to work extensively on classifying Japanese plants using the system developed by Carl ...

placed the species in ''Chrysanthemum'' when describing ''Chrysanthemum boreale'' (which he had mentioned as a variety of '' C. indicum'' in 1902). He noted that ''C. boreale'' "came very near" to ''C. lavandulifolium''. The two are now treated as one species. When it became understood that Linnaeus's ''Chrysanthemum'', which was typified by a Mediterranean annual species, was distinct from the largely Asian perennial species, these latter, including ''C. lavandulifolium'' and ''C. boreale'', were initially given names in the genus ''Dendranthema''. In 1999, the genus name ''Chrysanthemum'' was conserved for the Asian species, so the name ''Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium'' became acceptable again.

Distribution and habitat

''C. lavandulifolium'' naturally occurs or is native to regions of eastern Asia such as Korea, Japan, and China. In China, it is found in the provinces of Gansu, Sichuan, and Yunnan. In Japan, it is found primarily in Honshu and Kyushu. In Korea, it is found in Gyeongsangbuk, Gangwon, and Chungcheongbuk. Chrysanthemums may have been introduced to Japan by the Chinese in the eighth century AD. ''C. lavandulifolium'', a perennial plant, grows well in warm climates around East Asia. It flowers from October to November. The plant grows well on moist clayey soils in full sun. It is also quite immune to high temperatures and lack of moisture.

Diseases

This particular type of chrysanthemum is noted to be affected by black plight. In addition, in Korea and other Asian countries, ''C. lavandulifolium'' has contracted a downy mildew infection caused by ''Paraperonospora minor''. The fungi-like agents grow on leaves and turn them to a yellowish color, and the plant eventually wilts until it dies out. This study was the first to find ''C. lavandulifolium'' with this infection.

Uses

In Korean traditional medicine, ''C. lavandulifolium'' has been used to treat vertigo, a type of dizziness. In addition, its flowers have been used as an antipyretic.

Notes

References

{{Taxonbar, from1=Q21263416, from2=Q38724131, from3=Q5114540, from4=Q15574461 lavandulifolium Plants described in 1909