''Glebionis coronaria'', formerly called ''Chrysanthemum coronarium'', is a species of flowering plant in the family
Asteraceae
Asteraceae () is a large family (biology), family of flowering plants that consists of over 32,000 known species in over 1,900 genera within the Order (biology), order Asterales. The number of species in Asteraceae is rivaled only by the Orchi ...
. It is native to the
Mediterranean
The Mediterranean Sea ( ) is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the east by the Levant in West Asia, on the north by Anatolia in West Asia and Southern ...
region. It is cultivated and naturalized in
East Asia
East Asia is a geocultural region of Asia. It includes China, Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan, plus two special administrative regions of China, Hong Kong and Macau. The economies of Economy of China, China, Economy of Ja ...
and in scattered locations in North America.
''Glebionis coronaria'' is used as a
leaf vegetable
Leaf vegetables, also called leafy greens, vegetable greens, or simply greens, are plant leaves eaten as a vegetable, sometimes accompanied by their petioles and shoots, if tender. Leaf vegetables eaten raw in a salad can be called salad gre ...
.
English language
English is a West Germanic language that developed in early medieval England and has since become a English as a lingua franca, global lingua franca. The namesake of the language is the Angles (tribe), Angles, one of the Germanic peoples th ...
common names include garland chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum greens, edible chrysanthemum, crowndaisy chrysanthemum, chop suey greens, crown daisy, and Japanese greens.
''Glebionis coronaria'' has been hybridized with related ''
Argyranthemum
''Argyranthemum'' (marguerite, marguerite daisy, dill daisy) is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Asteraceae. Members of this genus are sometimes also placed in the genus ''Chrysanthemum''.
The genus is endemic to Macaronesia, ...
'' species to create
cultivar
A cultivar is a kind of Horticulture, cultivated plant that people have selected for desired phenotypic trait, traits and which retains those traits when Plant propagation, propagated. Methods used to propagate cultivars include division, root a ...
s of
garden marguerite
Garden marguerites, also known as marguerite daisies, are cultivars of plants in the subtribe Glebionidinae of the family Asteraceae, the great majority being hybrids created in cultivation. One of the genera belonging to the subtribe, ''Argyranth ...
s.
Characteristics
A
leaf
A leaf (: leaves) is a principal appendage of the plant stem, stem of a vascular plant, usually borne laterally above ground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", while the leav ...
y
herb
Herbs are a widely distributed and widespread group of plants, excluding vegetables, with savory or aromatic properties that are used for flavoring and garnishing food, for medicinal purposes, or for fragrances. Culinary use typically distingu ...
, the garland chrysanthemum is an
annual plant
An annual plant is a plant that completes its life cycle, from germination to the production of seeds, within one growing season, and then dies. Globally, 6% of all plant species and 15% of herbaceous plants (excluding trees and shrubs) are ...
. It has yellow ray florets grouped in small
flower heads
A pseudanthium (; : pseudanthia) is an inflorescence that resembles a flower. The word is sometimes used for other structures that are neither a true flower nor a true inflorescence. Examples of pseudanthia include flower heads, composite flowers ...
and aromatic, bipinnately
lobed
The following terms are used to describe leaf plant morphology, morphology in the description and taxonomy (biology), taxonomy of plants. Leaves may be simple (that is, the leaf blade or 'lamina' is undivided) or compound (that is, the leaf blade ...
leaves. Its seeds are ribbed and winged
cypselae
Asteraceae () is a large family of flowering plants that consists of over 32,000 known species in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. The number of species in Asteraceae is rivaled only by the Orchidaceae, and which is the larger fam ...
. The vegetable grows very well in mild or slightly cold climates, but will go quickly into premature flowering in warm summer conditions. Seeds are sown in early spring and fall.
"The plant is rich in minerals and vitamins with potassium concentrations at 610 mg/100 g and carotene at 3.4 g/100 g in edible portions. In addition, the plant contains various antioxidants (in stem, leaf, and root tissues) that have potential long-term benefits for human health, although toxic (dioxin) properties have also been observed. Extracts from ''C. coronarium'' var. ''spatiosum'' have been shown to inhibit growth of ''
Lactobacillus casei
''Lacticaseibacillus casei'' is an organism that belongs to the largest genus in the family ''Lactobacillaceae'', a lactic acid bacteria (LAB), that was previously classified as ''Lactobacillus casei''. This bacteria has been identified as fac ...
'', a beneficial human intestinal bacterium."
Culinary uses
The plant's greens are used in many Asian cuisines. Normally only the greens are consumed but the stronger tasting stalk can also be used. They can be simmered, steamed, stir fried, deep fried, or added to soups. When overcooked they can become bitter.
In
Korean cuisine
Korean cuisine is the set of foods and culinary styles which are associated with Korean culture. This cuisine has evolved through centuries of social and political change. Originating from ancient Prehistoric Korea, agricultural and nomad ...
, the plant is called ''ssukgat'' (쑥갓) and is used as an ingredient in various soups and stews, as well as a side dish (''
namul
''Namul'' () refers to either a variety of edible greens or leaves or seasoned herbal dishes made of them. Wild greens are called ''san-namul'' (), and spring vegetables are called ''bom-namul'' (). On the day of Daeboreum, the first full moo ...
'').
In
Chinese cuisine
Chinese cuisine comprises cuisines originating from Greater China, China, as well as from Overseas Chinese, Chinese people from other parts of the world. Because of the Chinese diaspora and the historical power of the country, Chinese cuisine ...
, it is called ''tong ho choy'' in Cantonese, and ''tóng hāo cài'' (茼蒿菜) in Mandarin. It is used as an ingredient for stir-fries, stews, casseroles, and hotpots. In traditional food culture it is seen as "warming" and thus was primarily eaten when it was cold.
In
Japanese cuisine
Japanese cuisine encompasses the regional and traditional foods of Japan, which have developed through centuries of political, economic, and social changes. The traditional cuisine of Japan (Japanese language, Japanese: ) is based on rice with m ...
, it is called ''shungiku'' (春菊 "spring chrysanthemum"), and is used in ''
nabemono
''Nabemono'' (鍋物, なべ物, ''nabe'' "cooking pot" + ''mono'' "thing"), or simply ''nabe'', is a variety of Japanese hot pot dishes, also known as one-pot dishes and "things in a pot".
Description
Nabemono are stews and soups containin ...
,'' mixed into rice, or drizzled with soy sauce and sesame seeds as a side dish. It is also commonly added to
sukiyaki
is a Japanese dish that is prepared and served in the '' nabemono'' (Japanese hot pot) style.
It consists of meat (usually thinly sliced beef) which is slowly cooked or simmered at the table, alongside vegetables and other ingredients, in ...
.
In
Vietnamese cuisine
Vietnamese cuisine encompasses the foods and beverages originated from Vietnam. Meals feature a combination of five fundamental tastes (): sweet, salty, bitter, sour, and Piquant, spicy. The distinctive nature of each dish reflects one or more ...
, the greens are known as ''cải cúc'' or ''tần ô'', and are used in soup (''canh'') or as a side dish accompanying various noodle soups. In a hotpot, it is added at the last moment to the pot to avoid overcooking.
In
Crete
Crete ( ; , Modern Greek, Modern: , Ancient Greek, Ancient: ) is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands, the List of islands by area, 88th largest island in the world and the List of islands in the Mediterranean#By area, fifth la ...
, a variety of the species called ''mantilida'' (μαντηλίδα) has its tender shoots eaten raw or steamed by the locals (see
Greek cuisine
Greek cuisine is the cuisine of Greece and the Greek diaspora. In common with many other Mediterranean cuisine, cuisines of the Mediterranean, it is founded on the triad of wheat, olive oil, and wine. It uses vegetables, olive oil, grains ...
namul
''Namul'' () refers to either a variety of edible greens or leaves or seasoned herbal dishes made of them. Wild greens are called ''san-namul'' (), and spring vegetables are called ''bom-namul'' (). On the day of Daeboreum, the first full moo ...
'' (seasoned crown daisy side dish)
KOCIS maeuntang, spicy fish soup (5035733642).jpg, Korean ''
maeuntang
''Maeun-tang''
* () or spicy fish stew is a dish in Korean cuisine. It is a hot spicy fish soup boiled with ''gochujang'' (Korean red chili pepper paste), '고춧가루'(chili powder), and various vegetables.udong'' noodles with crown daisy and ''
eomuk
A fishcake (sometimes written as fish cake) is a culinary dish consisting of filleted fish or other seafood minced or ground, mixed with a starchy ingredient, and fried until golden.
Asian-style fishcakes usually contain fish with salt, water, ...
'' (fish cakes)
Gallery
Chartzit24-1-09.jpg, Crown daisy flower
Crown Daisy by Zachi Evenor - Israel 2016 IZE-15126.jpg, Crown daisies in blossom
File:Glebionis coronarium Habitus Miguelturra.jpg, Habit
File:Glebionis coronaria.jpg, All-yellow form
File:Tần ô.jpg, As a vegetable
File:Glebionis coronarium.jpg, Field of Crown daisies
File:Crown daisy - Glebionis coronarium.jpg, Crown daisies in blossom
File:Glebionis coronaria 'Oasis', Longwood Gardens 2022.jpg, Leaves of ''G. coronaria'' 'Oasis'
 with crown daisy
Udong.jpg, Korean '' <a class=){kind=link}