Chronidae is a
family
Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...
of air-breathing land
slugs,
terrestrial
Terrestrial refers to things related to land or the planet Earth.
Terrestrial may also refer to:
* Terrestrial animal, an animal that lives on land opposed to living in water, or sometimes an animal that lives on or near the ground, as opposed to ...
pulmonate gastropod mollusk
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is es ...
s in the superfamily
Trochomorphoidea
Trochomorphoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of small to large terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks, that belong to the infraorder Limacoidei.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Trochomorphoidea Möllendorff, 1890. Accessed through: Worl ...
within the superorder
Eupulmonata
Eupulmonata is a taxonomic clade of air-breathing snails. The great majority of this group are land snails and slugs, but some are marine and some are saltmarsh snails that can tolerate salty conditions.
Linnean taxonomy
*Suborder Eupulmonata H ...
.
[MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Chronidae Thiele, 1931. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=994726 on 2021-02-22]
Distribution
Distribution of Chronidae include eastern-
Palearctic
The Palearctic or Palaearctic is the largest of the eight biogeographic realms of the Earth. It stretches across all of Eurasia north of the foothills of the Himalayas, and North Africa.
The realm consists of several bioregions: the Euro-Si ...
, Ethiopian, Madagascar,
India
India, officially the Republic of India ( Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the ...
, south-eastern Asia, Australian and Polynesian eco-regions.
Genera
Genera within the family Chronidae include:
* ''
Antinous
Antinous, also called Antinoös, (; grc-gre, Ἀντίνοος; 27 November – before 30 October 130) was a Greek youth from Bithynia and a favourite and probable lover of the Roman emperor Hadrian. Following his premature death before his ...
''
Robson, 1914
* ''
Atrichoconcha''
Bartsch, 1942
* ''
Bekkochlamys''
Habe, 1958
* ''
Ceratochlamys''
Habe, 1946
* ''
Chronos
Chronos (; grc-gre, Χρόνος, , "time"), also spelled Khronos or Chronus, is a personification of time in pre-Socratic philosophy
Pre-Socratic philosophy, also known as early Greek philosophy, is ancient Greek philosophy before Socrat ...
''
Robson, 1914 - type * of the family Chronidae
* ''
Danjochlamys''
Y. Azuma & M. Azuma, 1993
* ''
Exrhysota''
H. B. Baker, 1941
* ''
Gastrodontella''
Möllendorff, 1901
* ''
Glyptobensonia''
Möllendorff, 1894
* ''
Hemiglypta
''Hemiglypta'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails or semislugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Chronidae
Chronidae is a family of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamil ...
''
Möllendorff, 1893
* ''
Hemiglyptopsis''
Thiele, 1931
* ''
Hemitrichiella''
Zilch, 1956
* ''
Japanochlamys''
Habe, 1946
* ''
Kaliella
''Kaliella'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails or semi-slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Chronidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Kaliella W. T. Blanford, 1863. Accessed through: World Register of Marin ...
''
W. T. Blanford, 1863
* ''
Lamarckiella''
Möllendorff, 1898
* ''
Lepidotrichia''
Bartsch, 1942
* ''
Macroceras''
C. Semper, 1870
* ''
Nesokaliella''
Gerlach, 1998 - endemic to the
Seychelles
Seychelles (, ; ), officially the Republic of Seychelles (french: link=no, République des Seychelles; Creole: ''La Repiblik Sesel''), is an archipelagic state consisting of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean. Its capital and largest city, ...
* ''
Nipponochlamys''
Habe, 1945
* ''
Otesiopsis''
Habe, 1946
* ''
Parakaliella''
Habe, 1946
* ''
Pararyssota''
Bartsch, 1938
* ''
Platymma
''Platymma tweediei'', often called the (Malaysian) fire snail, is the largest land snail in Peninsular Malaysia, living exclusively in the mountainous forests there. It is the monotypic taxon, only species in the genus ''Platymma''. It is charac ...
''
Tomlin, 1938
* ''
Ponapea
''Ponapea'' is a genus of palms which is native to certain islands in the western Pacific. The genus consists of four species, and has often been considered to be part of the genus ''Ptychosperma''. Three of the species are endemic to the Carol ...
''
H. B. Baker, 1941
* ''
Pseudhelicarion''
Möllendorff, 1894
* ''
Pseudokaliella''
Godwin-Austen, 1910
* ''
Ryssota
''Ryssota'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial animal, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Chronidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Ryssota Albers, 1850. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Sp ...
''
Albers, 1850
* ''
Striokaliella''
Thiele, 1931
* ''
Takemasaia''
Azuma & Minato, 1976
* ''
Trichobensonia''
Möllendorff, 1902
* ''
Trochochlamys
''Trochochlamys'' is a genus of very small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial animal, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Chronidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Trochochlamys Habe, 1946. Accessed through: World R ...
''
Habe, 1946
* ''
Trukrhysa
''Trukrhysa'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Chronidae
Chronidae is a family of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Trochomo ...
''
H. B. Baker, 1941
* ''
Vitrinoidea''
C. Semper, 1873
* ''
Vitrinopsis''
C. Semper, 1873
* ''
Yamatochlamys''
Habe, 1945
;Synonyms:
* ''Hemitrichia''
Möllendorff, 1888: synonym of ''Hemitrichiella''
Zilch, 1956 (Invalid: Junior homonym of ''Hemitrichia''
Rostafinski, 1873 yxomycetes ''Hemitrichiella'' is a replacement name)
* ''Rhysota''
Martens, 1860: synonym of ''Ryssota''
Albers, 1850 (unjustified emendation of the original name)
* ''Rhyssota'' auct.: synonym of ''Ryssota''
Albers, 1850 (invalid: unjustified emendation of the original name)
Cladogram
The following
cladogram
A cladogram (from Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an evolutionary tree because it does not show how ancestors are related to ...
shows the
phylogenic
In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ...
relationships of this family with the other families within the
limacoid clade:
[Hausdorf B. (2000). "Biogeography of the Limacoidea sensu lato (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora): Vicariance Events and Long-Distance Dispersal". '' Journal of Biogeography'' 27(2): 379-390. ]
JSTOR
References
* Bouchet P., Rocroi J.P., Hausdorf B., Kaim A., Kano Y., Nützel A., Parkhaev P., Schrödl M. & Strong E.E. (2017). Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia. 61(1-2): 1-526.
External links
Pfeffer, G. (1878). Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte der Schnecken. I. Die Naniniden. Jahrbücher der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft. 5: 251-276
{{Taxonbar, from=Q5114086