Chromosome 10 is one of the 23 pairs of
chromosome
A chromosome is a package of DNA containing part or all of the genetic material of an organism. In most chromosomes, the very long thin DNA fibers are coated with nucleosome-forming packaging proteins; in eukaryotic cells, the most import ...
s in
human
Humans (''Homo sapiens'') or modern humans are the most common and widespread species of primate, and the last surviving species of the genus ''Homo''. They are Hominidae, great apes characterized by their Prehistory of nakedness and clothing ...
s. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 10 spans about 134 million
base pair
A base pair (bp) is a fundamental unit of double-stranded nucleic acids consisting of two nucleobases bound to each other by hydrogen bonds. They form the building blocks of the DNA double helix and contribute to the folded structure of both DNA ...
s (the building material of
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (; DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix. The polymer carries genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of al ...
) and represents between 4 and 4.5 percent of the total DNA in
cells.
Genes
Number of genes
The following are some of the gene count estimates of human chromosome 10. Because researchers use different approaches to
genome annotation their predictions of the
number of genes
In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: prote ...
on each chromosome varies (for technical details, see
gene prediction
In computational biology, gene prediction or gene finding refers to the process of identifying the regions of genomic DNA that encode genes. This includes protein-coding genes as well as RNA genes, but may also include prediction of other functio ...
). Among various projects, the collaborative consensus coding sequence project (
CCDS) takes an extremely conservative strategy. So CCDS's gene number prediction represents a lower bound on the total number of human protein-coding genes.
[ ]
Gene list
The following is a partial list of genes on human chromosome 10. For complete list, see the link in the infobox on the right.
Diseases and disorders
The following diseases are related to genes on chromosome 10:
*
Apert syndrome
Apert syndrome is a form of acrocephalosyndactyly, a congenital disorder characterized by malformations of the skull, face, hands and feet. It is classified as a branchial arch syndrome, affecting the first Pharyngeal arch, branchial (or pharyn ...
*
Barakat syndrome
*
Beare–Stevenson cutis gyrata syndrome
*
Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is an inherited neurological disorder that affects the peripheral nerves responsible for transmitting signals between the brain, spinal cord, and the rest of the body.
This is the most common inherited neuropath ...
*
Cockayne syndrome
Cockayne syndrome (CS), also called Neill-Dingwall syndrome, is a rare and fatal autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by growth failure, impaired development of the nervous system, abnormal sensitivity to sunlight ( photo ...
*
Congenital erythropoietic porphyria
*
Cowden syndrome
*
Crouzon syndrome
*
Genitopatellar syndrome
*
Glioblastoma multiforme
Glioblastoma, previously known as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is the most aggressive and most common type of cancer that originates in the brain, and has a very poor prognosis for survival. Initial signs and symptoms of glioblastoma are nons ...
*
Gorlin syndrome
*
HADDS syndrome
*
Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome
*
Hirschprung disease
*
Jackson–Weiss syndrome
*
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2
*
Nonsyndromic deafness
*
Pfeiffer syndrome
Pfeiffer syndrome is a rare genetic disorder, characterized by the premature fusion of certain bones of the human skull, skull (craniosynostosis), which affects the shape of the head and face. The syndrome includes abnormalities of the hands an ...
*
Porphyria
Porphyria ( or ) is a group of disorders in which substances called porphyrins build up in the body, adversely affecting the skin or nervous system. The types that affect the nervous system are also known as Porphyria#Acute porphyrias, acute p ...
*
Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Pakistani type
*
Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency
*
Thiel–Behnke corneal dystrophy
*
Usher syndrome
*
Wolman syndrome
*
Young-Simpson syndrome
*
Combined Saposin Deficiency
Cytogenetic band
References
*
*
*
External links
*
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chromosome 10 (Human)
Chromosomes (human)
*