Chromosome 10 is one of the 23 pairs of
chromosome
A chromosome is a package of DNA containing part or all of the genetic material of an organism. In most chromosomes, the very long thin DNA fibers are coated with nucleosome-forming packaging proteins; in eukaryotic cells, the most import ...
s in
human
Humans (''Homo sapiens'') or modern humans are the most common and widespread species of primate, and the last surviving species of the genus ''Homo''. They are Hominidae, great apes characterized by their Prehistory of nakedness and clothing ...
s. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 10 spans about 134 million
base pair
A base pair (bp) is a fundamental unit of double-stranded nucleic acids consisting of two nucleobases bound to each other by hydrogen bonds. They form the building blocks of the DNA double helix and contribute to the folded structure of both DNA ...
s (the building material of
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (; DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix. The polymer carries genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of al ...
) and represents between 4 and 4.5 percent of the total DNA in
cells
Cell most often refers to:
* Cell (biology), the functional basic unit of life
* Cellphone, a phone connected to a cellular network
* Clandestine cell, a penetration-resistant form of a secret or outlawed organization
* Electrochemical cell, a d ...
.
Genes
Number of genes
The following are some of the gene count estimates of human chromosome 10. Because researchers use different approaches to
genome annotation
In molecular biology and genetics, DNA annotation or genome annotation is the process of describing the structure and function of the components of a genome, by analyzing and interpreting them in order to extract their biological significance and ...
their predictions of the
number of genes
In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: prote ...
on each chromosome varies (for technical details, see
gene prediction
In computational biology, gene prediction or gene finding refers to the process of identifying the regions of genomic DNA that encode genes. This includes protein-coding genes as well as RNA genes, but may also include prediction of other functio ...
). Among various projects, the collaborative consensus coding sequence project (
CCDS) takes an extremely conservative strategy. So CCDS's gene number prediction represents a lower bound on the total number of human protein-coding genes.
[ ]
Gene list
The following is a partial list of genes on human chromosome 10. For complete list, see the link in the infobox on the right.
Diseases and disorders
The following diseases are related to genes on chromosome 10:
*
Apert syndrome
Apert syndrome is a form of acrocephalosyndactyly, a congenital disorder characterized by malformations of the skull, face, hands and feet. It is classified as a branchial arch syndrome, affecting the first Pharyngeal arch, branchial (or pharyn ...
*
Barakat syndrome
*
Beare–Stevenson cutis gyrata syndrome
Beare–Stevenson cutis gyrata syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by craniosynostosis (premature fusion of certain bones of the skull, sometimes resulting in a characteristic 'cloverleaf skull'; further growth of the skull is prevent ...
*
Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is an inherited neurological disorder that affects the peripheral nerves responsible for transmitting signals between the brain, spinal cord, and the rest of the body.
This is the most common inherited neuropath ...
*
Cockayne syndrome
Cockayne syndrome (CS), also called Neill-Dingwall syndrome, is a rare and fatal autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by growth failure, impaired development of the nervous system, abnormal sensitivity to sunlight ( photo ...
*
Congenital erythropoietic porphyria
A birth defect is an abnormal condition that is present at birth, regardless of its cause. Birth defects may result in disabilities that may be physical, intellectual, or developmental. The disabilities can range from mild to severe. Birth ...
*
Cowden syndrome
Cowden syndrome (also known as Cowden's disease) is an autosomal dominant inherited condition characterized by benign overgrowths called hamartomas as well as an increased lifetime risk of breast, thyroid, uterine, and other cancers. It is also k ...
*
Crouzon syndrome
Crouzon syndrome is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder known as a branchial arch syndrome. Specifically, this syndrome affects the first branchial (or pharyngeal) arch, which is the precursor of the maxilla and mandible. Because the branchia ...
*
Genitopatellar syndrome
Genitopatellar syndrome is a rare disorder consisting of congenital flexion contractures of the lower extremities, abnormal or missing patellae, and urogenital anomalies. Additional symptoms include microcephaly, severe psychomotor disability.
I ...
*
Glioblastoma multiforme
Glioblastoma, previously known as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is the most aggressive and most common type of cancer that originates in the brain, and has a very poor prognosis for survival. Initial signs and symptoms of glioblastoma are nons ...
*
Gorlin syndrome Gorlin may refer to:
People
* Dan Gorlin, computer game programmer, designer and founder of Dan Gorlin Productions
* Eitan Gorlin, filmmaker, author and actor
* Mikhail Gorlin, Russian emigre poet
* Richard Gorlin, American cardiologist, co-devel ...
*
HADDS syndrome
*
Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome
Heřmanský–Pudlák syndrome (often written Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome or abbreviated HPS) is an extremely rare autosomal recessive disorder which results in Albinism, oculocutaneous albinism (decreased pigmentation), bleeding problems due to a ...
*
Hirschprung disease
Hirschsprung's disease (HD or HSCR) is a birth defect in which nerves are missing from parts of the intestine. The most prominent symptom is constipation. Other symptoms may include vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and slow growth. Most childr ...
*
Jackson–Weiss syndrome
Jackson–Weiss syndrome (JWS) is a genetic disorder characterized by foot abnormalities and the premature fusion of certain bones of the skull (craniosynostosis), which prevents further growth of the skull and affects the shape of the head and fac ...
*
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (also known as "Pheochromocytoma (codons 630 and 634) and amyloid producing medullary thyroid carcinoma", "PTC syndrome," and "Sipple syndrome") is a group of medical disorders associated with tumors of the endo ...
*
Nonsyndromic deafness
Nonsyndromic deafness is hearing loss that is not associated with other signs and symptoms. In contrast, syndromic deafness involves hearing loss that occurs with abnormalities in other parts of the body. Nonsyndromic deafness constitutes 75% of a ...
*
Pfeiffer syndrome
Pfeiffer syndrome is a rare genetic disorder, characterized by the premature fusion of certain bones of the human skull, skull (craniosynostosis), which affects the shape of the head and face. The syndrome includes abnormalities of the hands an ...
*
Porphyria
Porphyria ( or ) is a group of disorders in which substances called porphyrins build up in the body, adversely affecting the skin or nervous system. The types that affect the nervous system are also known as Porphyria#Acute porphyrias, acute p ...
*
Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Pakistani type
*
Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency
Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency (THBD, BH4D) is a rare metabolic disorder that increases the blood levels of phenylalanine. Phenylalanine is an amino acid obtained normally through the diet, but can be harmful if excess levels build up, causing int ...
*
Thiel–Behnke corneal dystrophy
*
Usher syndrome
Usher syndrome, also known as Hallgren syndrome, Usher–Hallgren syndrome, retinitis pigmentosa–dysacusis syndrome or dystrophia retinae dysacusis syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder caused by a mutation in any one of at least 11 genes result ...
*
Wolman syndrome
*
Young-Simpson syndrome
*
Combined Saposin Deficiency
Combined Saposin Defiency is a very rare Metabolic disorder, metabolic and genetic disorder that is caused by the mutation in a gene Prosaposin, PSAP. This disease belongs to Lysosomal storage disease, Lysosomal Storage Diseases(LSDs). Because of c ...
Cytogenetic band
References
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External links
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Chromosome 10 (Human)
Chromosomes (human)
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