Christianshavns Enveloppe is a former system of outworks located in front of Christianshavns Vold and

Stadsgraven Stadsgraven is the canal which separates Christianshavn from the rest of Amager in Copenhagen, Denmark. It was originally a moat located in front of the Christianshavn Rampart as part of the city's Bastioned Ring Fortifications. History Stadsg ...

, on

Amager Amager ( ), located in the Øresund, is Denmark's most densely populated island, with more than 216,000 inhabitants (January 2022). The protected natural area of ''Naturpark Amager'' (including Kalvebod Fælled) makes up more than one-third of the ...

. in

Copenhagen Copenhagen ( ) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark, with a population of 1.4 million in the Urban area of Copenhagen, urban area. The city is situated on the islands of Zealand and Amager, separated from Malmö, Sweden, by the ...

Denmark Denmark is a Nordic countries, Nordic country in Northern Europe. It is the metropole and most populous constituent of the Kingdom of Denmark,, . also known as the Danish Realm, a constitutionally unitary state that includes the Autonomous a ...

. Its well-preserved, northern half is now part of

Freetown Christiania Freetown Christiania (), also known as Christiania or simply ', is an intentional community and anarchist commune in the Christianshavn neighbourhood of the Danish capital city of Copenhagen. It began in 1971 as a squatted military base. Its m ...

and known as Dyssen. Its southern portion was removed in the first half of the 20th century and has now been replaced by a public park, Enveloppeparken.

History

Christianhavns Vold was one of four ramparts that used to surround Copenhagen. Christianshavns Enveloppe was constructed on the City Moat's

Counterscarp A scarp and a counterscarp are the inner and outer sides, respectively, of a ditch or moat used in fortifications. Attackers (if they have not bridged the ditch) must descend the counterscarp and ascend the scarp. In permanent fortifications, the ...

in 1779-91. It ran from Quinti Lynette in the north to Kalvebods Lynette in the south and comprised 10

redan Redan (a French language, French word for "projection", "salient") is a feature of fortifications. It is a work in a V-shaped Salients, re-entrants and pockets, salient angle towards an expected attack. It can be made from earthworks or other ...

s which were numbered 1-10 from the north. The navy constructed four gunpowder magazines with associated guardhouses at the 2nd to 5th redan in 1779-81. An extra moat, a so-called ''avant-foss'', was dug out in front of the structure in 1810-13. It was renovated and a wooden footbridge was built across the inner and outer city moat. The two redans furthest to the south (9th and 10th) were removed in connection with the construction of a new arsenal (Ny Tøjhus) in 1887-88. Another portion, with the 8th redan, disappeared as a result of the construction of Amager Boulevard in 1906-07. The rest of the southern portion (south of Torvegade) was converted into the public park Enveloppeparken in 1934-36. The 6th redan was ceded to Copenhagen Municipality and opened to the public in 1961. The rest remained military area but became part of

in 1971.

Today

Dyssen

Dyssen is still separated from the rest of Amager by the outer city moat (Ydre Stadsgrav) but connected to it at Torvegade in the south and just south of Refshalevej in the north. The area with the give northernmost redans are part of Freetown Christiania and known as Dyssem. The four gunpowder magazines are known as Aircondition (2. Redan, 1781), Autogena (3rd Redan, 1780), Fakirskolen (4th Redan, 1779)and Kosmiske Blomst (5. Redan, 1779).

Envolopeparken

The greenspace to the south of Torvegade is known as Envolopeparken. The path along the shore of Stadsgraven is called Enveloppevej. The park contains four monuments. Closest to Torvegade is a memorial to fallen members of the resistance movement during

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

. It was designed by Morten Nielsen and unveiled on 5 May 1949. It consists of a sculpture group with two people, one standing and one fallen, mounted on a tall plinth. Further south stands a memorial to Danish pilots killed in duty. It was created by

Einar Utzon-Frank Aksel (Axel) Einar (Ejnar) Utzon-Frank (30 March 1888 – 15 July 1955) was a Danish sculptor and professor at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts. During his lifetime, he produced many sculptures, some of which stand as public monuments. U ...

and inaugurated on 19 August 1938. It consists of a bronze composition of clouds, a giant eagle and four aeroplanes. Close to it stands a stone with an inscription commemorating Ulrich Birch who became the first Danish aviation casualty when he died in an aeroplane crash at nearby Kløvermarken on 1+ October 1913. The stone was designed by Georg Ulmer and installed in 1918. Close to the footbridge to the Panther's Bastion on the other side of Stadsgraven stands a sculpture by Mogens Bøggild of a cow getting up from the ground. It is from 1956.

References

External links

{{Amager Amager Fortifications of Copenhagen Parks in Copenhagen