Chowta Dynasty (Tulu Nadu)
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The Chowta dynasty was a Jain dynasty that ruled parts of the
Tulu Nadu Tulu Nadu, or Tulunad, is a region and Proposed states and union territories of India, proposed state on the southwestern coast of India. The Tulu people, known as 'Tuluva' (pl. 'Tuluver') are speakers of Tulu language, Tulu, a Dravidian langu ...
region during the 12th18th centuries.34:XVIII,10; Bhatt, Tuluva:68-78; Mahalingam, Mackenzie MSS:II,491-496; Ramesh, A History of South Kanara:159-160; Stuart, South Canara:257; Sturrock, South Canara:54-56,73,75,83,189


History

The Chowtas were Jain Bunt Kings of the Tulu Nadu (a province consisting of present-day Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka, portions of Udupi and Kasargod district in Kerala)in the 12th century. The succession to the throne was as per the Bunt custom of matrilineal inheritance (
Aliyasantana Aliyasantana, literally "nephew or niece as heir" in Tulu, is the matrilineal system of inheritance practiced by Tuluva community in the Tulunaad region of Karnataka, India. It is similar to the ''Marumakkathayam'' system of the Kerala. Nephew ...
). Their kingdom was very small, containing around only 200 villages, but the land was very fertile. They initially ruled from their capital at
Ullal Ullal or ''Uḷḷāla'' is a City in Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka state in India. Ullal City Municipal Council along with the Mangaluru City Corporation forms the continuous Mangaluru urban agglomeration area which is currently the ...
, which was a very prosperous city and busy centre of trade The first known king of the Dynasty was Tirumalaraya Chowta I (1160–1179). His successor, Channaraya Chowta I (reign 11791219), moved it inland to the city of Puthige.The principality of Chowta split in 1544, with two separate capitals, one at
Ullal Ullal or ''Uḷḷāla'' is a City in Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka state in India. Ullal City Municipal Council along with the Mangaluru City Corporation forms the continuous Mangaluru urban agglomeration area which is currently the ...
, under the renowned Queen
Abbakka Chowta Rani Abbakka Chowta was the first Tulu people, Tuluva Queen of Ullal who fought the Portuguese Empire, Portuguese in the latter half of the 16th century. She belonged to the Chowta dynasty (Tulu Nadu), Chowta dynasty, an indigenous Tuluva dynasty ...
, and another at Puttige.


Decline

The Ullal branch seems to have become extinct and 1603, the Chowta moved their capital to
Moodabidri Moodubidire (''Mūḍubidire''; also called Mudbidri, Moodbidri and Bedra) is a town and taluk in Dakshina Kannada district. It lies 34 km northeast of the district headquarters, Mangalore, in Karnataka, India. Because of widely grown b ...
. In succeeding years Chowta power had greatly diminished due to invasions by
Hyder Ali Hyder Ali (''Haidar'alī''; ; 1720 – 7 December 1782) was the Sultan and ''de facto'' ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore in southern India. Born as Hyder Ali, he distinguished himself as a soldier, eventually drawing the attention of Mysore's ...
and
Tipu Sultan Tipu Sultan (, , ''Sultan Fateh Ali Sahab Tipu''; 1 December 1751 – 4 May 1799) commonly referred to as Sher-e-Mysore or "Tiger of Mysore", was a ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore based in South India. He was a pioneer of rocket artillery ...
with whom they signed treaties and also had to give up most of their territory. Chandrasekhara Chikkaraya Chowta V was the last Chowta king who had some authority. He reigned from 1783 to 1822. Following the conquest of
South Canara South Canara (South Kannada) was a district of the Madras Presidency of British Raj, located at . It comprised the towns of Kassergode and Udipi and adjacent villages, with the administration at Mangalore city. South Canara was one of the mos ...
by the
British British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies. * British national identity, the characteristics of British people and culture ...
the Chowtas lost all their power except that they received a small pension from the then government. Descendants of the chowta rulers still survive and inhabit the ''Chowtara Aramane'' (Chowta Palace) of
Moodabidri Moodubidire (''Mūḍubidire''; also called Mudbidri, Moodbidri and Bedra) is a town and taluk in Dakshina Kannada district. It lies 34 km northeast of the district headquarters, Mangalore, in Karnataka, India. Because of widely grown b ...
, which is known for its ornate carvings such as the Nava Nari Kunjara (Nine Damsel Elephant).


See also

*
Abbakka Chowta Rani Abbakka Chowta was the first Tulu people, Tuluva Queen of Ullal who fought the Portuguese Empire, Portuguese in the latter half of the 16th century. She belonged to the Chowta dynasty (Tulu Nadu), Chowta dynasty, an indigenous Tuluva dynasty ...
, the great Chowta queen who fought the Portuguese colonizers of
India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...
. *
Alupa dynasty The Alupa dynasty (ಅಳುಪೆರ್, ಆಳ್ವೆರ್) was an India, Indian Hindu dynasty that ruled from 200 to 1444 A.D. in Southern India. The kingdom they ruled was known as ''Alvakheda Arusasira'' and its territory spanned the T ...
, another dynasty which ruled in
Tulu Nadu Tulu Nadu, or Tulunad, is a region and Proposed states and union territories of India, proposed state on the southwestern coast of India. The Tulu people, known as 'Tuluva' (pl. 'Tuluver') are speakers of Tulu language, Tulu, a Dravidian langu ...
long before the Chowtas. *
List of Jain empires and dynasties A list is a set of discrete items of information collected and set forth in some format for utility, entertainment, or other purposes. A list may be memorialized in any number of ways, including existing only in the mind of the list-maker, but ...
*
Chowta Chowta (also spelt Chouta) is a surname from coastal Karnataka in India. It is found among Jain Bunt & Hindu Bunt. History It is also the name of the Jain dynasty,34:XVIII,10; Bhatt, Tuluva:68–78; Mahalingam, Mackenzie MSS:II,491-496; Ramesh ...


References


External links

* {{cite web , url=https://www.asianage.com/india/all-india/121119/rani-abbakka-chowta-was-indias-first-woman-freedom-fighter.html , title=Rani Abbakka Chowta was India's first woman freedom fighter , website=Asian Age , date=November 12, 2019 , author=Shona Adhikari , accessdate= December 1, 2020 History of Karnataka South Indian dynasties Bunt (community) Jain dynasties