Choora

''Chura'' (in Hindi-Urdu), ''chuda'', or ''chudlo'' (in Gujarati) is a set of bangles traditionally worn by a bride on her wedding day and for a period after, especially in Indian weddings.

Materials and appearance

The ''chura'' is usually red and white; sometimes the red bangles are replaced with another colour, but they are usually only two colours. They are traditionally made of ivory, with inlay work, though now made with plastic. Traditionally there are 21 bangles, although more recently the bride often wears 7, 9 or 11 bangles. The bangles range in size according to the circumference of the top of the forearm and the wrist end so that the set fits neatly.

Gujarati chudlo

In Gujarati tradition, the bridal bangles are referred to as ''chudlo'' (). Traditionally they were made using elephant's tusks/ivory and were known as "''haathi daant no chudlo"''. These bangles are gifted to the bride by her maternal uncle.

''Chudlo'' is generally paired with Gujarati bridal sari known as ''Panetar''. These ''chudlo'' bangles are generally red and green in colour to match the ''Panetar'' sari. ''Chudlo'' has great significance in Gujarati culture as is evident several folk songs like "Chudlo Lyado Ji Meera Bai Pehar Lyo" and "Radha Chudlo Perje Mara Naam Nu".

Marathi Hirva chuda

''Hirva chuda'', peacock green-coloured ''chuda'' bangles are preferably worn by Marathi brides. The green is the colour of fertility and is associated with Devi (Hindu Goddess). In the ''Devi'' shrines of Tuljabhavani and ''Renukadevi,'' the Goddesses are adorned using ''Hirva chuda.'' The Marathi tradition of ''Hirva chuda'' during marriage is akin to wearing green bangles during Hariyali Teej in North India. Sometimes, green bangles are also paired with red bangles. The hirva chuda (green bangles) are worn after the haldi oil bath, given by a ''suvasini'' and are worn for a year.

Nepali chura

A Nepali ''chura'' set is usually made of red-coloured gilded bangles. ''Chura'' bangles are often paired with pote (beaded necklace). ''Chura'' bangle sets are also worn during ''Teej'' celebrations as is evident from Nepali ''Teej'' songs like "Chura Tika Laali".

Bengali and Odia Shakha Pola chura

In Odia & Bengali marriages, brides wear red and white set of bangles which are made from sea shell (''shankh'') and red coral (''pola''). Thus, Shakha are white bangles made through conch-shell and Pola are red bangles made by red corals. ''Loha'', a large iron bangle covered with gold is also worn along with ''Shakha Pola chura''.

The beauty of Pola Bangles lies in the symbolism and artistic patterns used to adorn it, besides the appealing color combination used in them. While numerous motifs and patterns are found in the bangles, the lotus symbol is the one most frequently used to adorn it making the chura to not only carry the philosophical meaning but a spiritual one too.

Assamese Muthi Kharu chura

The ''Muthi Kharu'' is a traditional and ethnic bangle worn in marriages by the bride also while celebrating Bihu festival in Assam extensively. It has a golden layer and silver in some parts making it more attractive.

Sindhi chura

Sindhi traditional churas were made of ivory and seashells, but today it is made of plastic of different colours like red, blue, green, orange etc are also used unlike traditionally it was only of white colour. Ivory was used to make many jewelries, the Bhambhore city had the biggest ivory workshop in the world.

In Sindh the traditional churas were rings of ivory covering the fore arms or full arms, these were worn by all sects, religions and classes but unlike other parts of India these were not worn as wedding symbol, as unmarried women would also wear Churas, perhaps only till forearms.

There are three different styles/types of such churas worn in Sindh first are Sindhi style, Dhatki style and Marwari style. The traditional churas have been completely abandoned by many Sindhi women of Sindh today and have adopted wearing the red coloured churas made of glass worn usually by bride only on the wedding ceremony, for others glass bangles or silver or gold Kangar/Kara (bracelets) are worn. But many women of Thar still continue to wear the ancient Sindhi churas.

Customary use

Wearing the ''chura'' is primarily an Indian Hindu tradition which is also followed by other Indian religious communities culturally. Sindhoor and Mangalsutra are other adornments worn by married women. The custom is widely observed in Jammu, Himachal, Punjab, Uttarakhand, Haryana, Gujarat, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh. The ''chura'' ceremony is held on the morning of the wedding or the day before. The bride's maternal uncle and aunt give her a set of ''churiyan''.

Traditionally, the bride would wear a ''chura'' for a full year, although if a newly wed bride became pregnant before her first anniversary, the ''chura'' was taken off. When the colour started to fade, her in-laws would actually have it re-coloured, so everyone would know that she had been married for less than a year. On an auspicious holiday, usually Sankranti, after the first anniversary her in-laws would hold a small intimate ceremony in which the ''chura'' was removed and glass ''churiyan'' (bangles) were placed on both hands. This usually was accompanied with mithai (Indian sweets) and a monetary ''shagun''. The ''chura'' then was taken to a river and a prayer was said and it was left to float onto the water. Afterwards the woman could wear other ''chura'' in any colour for as long as she liked.

It is now normal for the bride to wear her ''chura'' for a month and a quarter (40 days). As the ''chura'' is made of fragile materials, Indian custom has it that the bride may refrain from heavy housework in her marital home to keep it intact for the 40 days, as a kind of honeymoon. After that, in traditional homes at least, she takes over the lion's share of domestic work from her mother-in-law.

References

{{Reflist

Bracelets
Hindi words and phrases
Jewellery of India
Marriage in Hinduism
Hindu wedding rituals
Indian wedding
Indian wedding traditions
Gujarati culture
Punjabi culture
Punjabi words and phrases
Sikh practices