''Chondrostoma'' (from the

Ancient Greek Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic p ...

roots (''khondros'') 'lump' + (''stoma'') 'mouth' = 'lump-mouth') is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

ray-finned fish Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fishes, is a class of bony fish. They comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. The ray-finned fishes are so called because their fins are webs of skin supported by bony or h ...

in the family

Cyprinidae Cyprinidae is a family of freshwater fish commonly called the carp or minnow family. It includes the carps, the true minnows, and relatives like the barbs and barbels. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family and the largest v ...

. They are commonly known as nases, although this term is also used locally to denote particular species, most frequently the

common nase The common nase (''Chondrostoma nasus'') is a European potamodromous cyprinid fish. It is often simply called the nase, but that can refer to any species of its genus '' Chondrostoma''. Another name is sneep. Distribution The nase is found natur ...

(''C. nasus''). The common name refers to the protruding upper jaw of these fishes; it is derived from the

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ger ...

term ''Nase'' 'nose'. Several species have a very restricted range. Some of these

endemics Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ...

are very rare nowadays, and at least one

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of ...

is globally extinct.

Systematics

In 2007 it was determined that the presumed

monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic ...

group consisted of six at least partly independent lineages of

Leuciscinae Leuciscinae is a subfamily of the freshwater fish family Cyprinidae, which contains the true minnows. Members of the Old World (OW) clade of minnows within this subfamily are known as European minnows. As the name suggests, most members of the ...

, meaning that the rasping feeding apparatus evolved more than once. It was proposed to split the genus in six in consequence: ''

Achondrostoma ''Achondrostoma'' is a genus of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae, the carps and minnows. It is endemic to the Iberian Peninsula.Robalo, J. I., et al. (2007)Re-examination and phylogeny of the genus ''Chondrostoma'' based on mitochondrial ...

'', ''Chondrostoma'', ''

Iberochondrostoma ''Iberochondrostoma'' is a genus of cyprinid fish endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. Species There are currently five recognized species in this genus: * ''Iberochondrostoma almacai'' ( M. M. Coelho, Mesquita & Collares-Pereira, 2005) * ''Iberoc ...

'', ''

Pseudochondrostoma ''Pseudochondrostoma'' is a genus of cyprinid fish that occurs in the Iberian Peninsula. Species There are currently three recognized species in this genus: * ''Pseudochondrostoma duriense'' ( M. M. Coelho, 1985) * ''Pseudochondrostoma polylepis ...

'', '' Protochondrostoma'' and ''

Parachondrostoma ''Parachondrostoma'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found mostly in Spain with one species entering France. There are currently four species in this genus. Species There are currently four recognized species in this genus: * '' Parachondrostoma ...

''. But at least ''Achondrostoma'' and ''Iberochondrostoma'' may not be separable.

Species

There are currently 24 recognized species in this genus: * ''

Chondrostoma angorense ''Chondrostoma angorense'', sometimes called the Ankara nase or Black Sea nase, is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus '' Chondrostoma'' which is endemic to northern Anatolia Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian p ...

Elvira Elvira is a female given name. First recorded in medieval Spain, it is likely of Germanic (Gothic) origin. Elvira may refer to: People Nobility * Elvira Menéndez (died 921), daughter of Hermenegildo Gutiérrez and wife of Ordoño II of Leó ...

, 1987 (Ankara nase) * ''

Chondrostoma beysehirense The Beysehir nase (''Chondrostoma beysehirense'') is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is found only in Turkey and it is restricted to three streams flowing into Lake Beysehir, where it also occurs, in central Anatolia ...

'' Bogutskaya, 1997 (Beysehir nase) * ''

Chondrostoma ceyhanensis ''Chondrostoma'' (from the Ancient Greek roots (''khondros'') 'lump' + (''stoma'') 'mouth' = 'lump-mouth') is a genus of Actinopterygii, ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. They are commonly known as nases, although this term is also use ...

'' Küçük,

Turan Turan ( ae, Tūiriiānəm, pal, Tūrān; fa, توران, Turân, , "The Land of Tur") is a historical region in Central Asia. The term is of Iranian origin and may refer to a particular prehistoric human settlement, a historic geographical ...

, Güçlü, Mutlu & Çiftci, 2017 * ''

Chondrostoma colchicum The Colchic nase or Transcaucasian nase (''Chondrostoma colchicum'') is a species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. Its distribution is south of the Caucasus The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region between the Black Sea and th ...

'' Derjugin, 1899 (Colchic nase) * ''

Chondrostoma cyri The Kura nase or southern Caspian nase (''Chondrostoma cyri'') is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Chondrostoma ''Chondrostoma'' (from the Ancient Greek roots (''khondros'') 'lump' + (''stoma'') 'mouth' = 'lump-mouth') is a ge ...

'' Kessler, 1877 (Kura nase) * ''

Chondrostoma esmaeilii ''Chondrostoma'' (from the Ancient Greek roots (''khondros'') 'lump' + (''stoma'') 'mouth' = 'lump-mouth') is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. They are commonly known as nases, although this term is also used locally to den ...

'' Eagderi, Jouladeh-Roudbar, Birecikligil, Çiçek & Coad, 2017 * ''

Chondrostoma fahirae The Tefenni nase or Tefenni minnow (''Chondrostoma fahirae'') is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is found only in Turkey where it has a distribution limited to the Kirkpinar spring in Karamusa village near Tefenni, Ka ...

'' ( Ladiges, 1960) (Tefenni nase) * '' Chondrostoma holmwoodii'' ( Boulenger, 1896) (Izmir nase) * ''

Chondrostoma kinzelbachi ''Chondrostoma kinzelbachi'', sometimes known as the Orontes nase or Levantine nase, is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is found in Syria and Turkey. Its natural habitats are rivers and intermittent rivers. It is threate ...

Krupp The Krupp family (see pronunciation), a prominent 400-year-old German dynasty from Essen, is notable for its production of steel, artillery, ammunition and other armaments. The family business, known as Friedrich Krupp AG (Friedrich Krupp ...

, 1985 (Orentes nase) * ''

Chondrostoma knerii The Neretvan nase or Dalmatian nase, sh, podustva, (''Chondrostoma knerii'') is a species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is found in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. It is threatened by habitat loss and pollution. Reference ...

'' Heckel, 1843 (Dalmatian nase) * '' Chondrostoma kubanicum''

L. S. Berg Lev Semyonovich Berg, also known as Leo S. Berg (russian: Лев Семёнович Берг; 14 March 1876 – 24 December 1950) was a leading Russian geographer, biologist and ichthyologist who served as President of the Soviet Geographical S ...

, 1914 (Kuban's nase) * '' Chondrostoma meandrense''

, 1987 (Menderes nase) * ''

Chondrostoma nasus The common nase (''Chondrostoma nasus'') is a European potamodromous cyprinid fish. It is often simply called the nase, but that can refer to any species of its genus '' Chondrostoma''. Another name is sneep. Distribution The nase is found natur ...

'' (

Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, t ...

1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the starting point of modern zoological ...

) (Common nase, sneep) * ''

Chondrostoma orientale ''Chondrostoma orientale'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Chondrostoma ''Chondrostoma'' (from the Ancient Greek roots (''khondros'') 'lump' + (''stoma'') 'mouth' = 'lump-mouth') is a genus of ray-finned fish in the famil ...

Bianco Bianco is a town and ''comune'' in the Province of Reggio Calabria, in southern Italy. It is a seaside town and a popular tourist resort. The main attractions are the remainings of an old abbey and the ruins of a Roman house. See also *Calabria ...

& Bănărescu, 1982 * ''

Chondrostoma oxyrhynchum The Terek nase (''Chondrostoma oxyrhynchum'') is a species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is distributed in rivers of the western Caspian Sea basin, in Azerbaijan and Russia. It prefers fast-flowing waters in the foothill ...

'' Kessler, 1877 (Terek nase) * ''

Chondrostoma phoxinus The minnow-nase, sh, podbila, (''Chondrostoma phoxinus'') is a species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is found in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. Its natural habitats are rivers, intermittent rivers, and inland karsts. It ...

'' Heckel, 1843 (Minnow nase) * '' Chondrostoma prespense'' S. L. Karaman, 1924 (Prespa nase) * ''

Chondrostoma regium ''Chondrostoma regium'', sometimes known as the brond-snout or Mesopotamian nase is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Chondrostoma'' from Mesopotamia Mesopotamia ''Mesopotamíā''; ar, بِلَاد ٱلرَّافِدَيْن ...

'' ( Heckel, 1843) (Mesopotamian nase) *

† A dagger, obelisk, or obelus is a typographical mark that usually indicates a footnote if an asterisk has already been used. The symbol is also used to indicate death (of people) or extinction (of species). It is one of the modern descendan ...

Chondrostoma scodrense ''Chondrostoma scodrense'' was a ray-finned fish that is classified as extinct by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The species was described from nine specimens caught 100 years ago. Its habitat in the late 19th century included Lake Sk ...

, 1987 *'' Chondrostoma smyrnae'' Küçük, Çiftçi, Güçlü &

, 2021 * '' Chondrostoma soetta'' Bonaparte, 1840 (Italian nase) * ''

Chondrostoma toros ''Chondrostoma'' (from the Ancient Greek roots (''khondros'') 'lump' + (''stoma'') 'mouth' = 'lump-mouth') is a genus of Actinopterygii, ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. They are commonly known as nases, although this term is also use ...

'' Küçük,

, Güçlü, Mutlu & Çiftci, 2017 * ''

Chondrostoma vardarense ''Chondrostoma vardarense'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is found in Bulgaria, Greece, North Macedonia, and Turkey. Its natural habitat is rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss Habitat destruction (also t ...

'' S. L. Karaman, 1928 (Vardar nase) * ''

Chondrostoma variabile The Volga undermouth or Volga nase (''Chondrostoma variabile'') is a species of cyprinid freshwater fish. This one lives in the Emba, Ural and Volga drainages of the Caspian Sea basin, and the Don River drainage of the Black Sea The B ...

Yakovlev The JSC A.S. Yakovlev Design Bureau (russian: ОАО Опытно-конструкторское бюро им. А.С. Яковлева) is a Russian aircraft designer and manufacturer (design office prefix Yak). Its head office is in Aeroport D ...

, 1870 (Volga undermouth)

Footnotes

References

Chondrostoma FishBase
* (2007): A new species of ''Chondrostoma'' Agassiz, 1832 (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) with sexual dimorphism from the lower Rio Tejo Basin. ''

Zootaxa ''Zootaxa'' is a peer-reviewed scientific mega journal for animal taxonomists. It is published by Magnolia Press ''Magnolia'' is a large genus of about 210 to 340The number of species in the genus ''Magnolia'' depends on the taxonomic view ...

'' 1616: 23–35
PDF abstract
* (2008): Insights on speciation patterns in the genus ''Iberochondrostoma'' (Cyprinidae): Evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear data. {{Taxonbar, from=Q141255 Leuciscinae Cyprinidae genera Taxa named by Louis Agassiz Taxonomy articles created by Polbot