tribe
The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in part due to confl ...
of
bamboo
Bamboos are a diverse group of evergreen perennial flowering plants making up the subfamily Bambusoideae of the grass family Poaceae. Giant bamboos are the largest members of the grass family. The origin of the word "bamboo" is uncertain, ...
s in the grass
family
Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...
( Poaceae). They consist of woody species from tropical regions, including some
giant bamboo Giant bamboo is a common name for several large species of bamboo and may refer to:
* Large species in the genus ''Bambusa'' include:
** "Giant timber bamboo" ('' Bambusa oldhamii''), a large (to 20 m) bamboo species originating from Taiwan
** '' Ba ...
s. Their
sister group
In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree.
Definition
The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram:
Taxon A and ...
are the small herbaceous bamboos from the tropics in tribe
Olyreae
Olyreae is a tribe of grasses in the bamboo subfamily (Bambusoideae). Unlike the other two bamboo tribes, Olyreae are herbaceous and do not have a woody stem. Their sister group are the tropical woody bamboos (Bambuseae).
Olyreae grow in the und ...
, while the temperate woody bamboos (
Arundinarieae
Arundinarieae is a tribe of bamboo in the grass family ( Poaceae) containing a single subtribe, Arundinariinae, and 31 genera. These woody bamboos occur in areas with warm temperate climates in southeastern North America, Subsaharan Africa, Sou ...
) are more distantly related. The Bambuseae fall into two clades, corresponding to species from the
Neotropics
The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone.
Definition
In bi ...
(
subtribe
Subtribe is a taxonomic category ranking which is below the rank of tribe and above genus. The standard suffix for a subtribe is -ina (in animals) or -inae (in plants). The early use of this word is from 19th century. An example of subtribe i ...
s
Arthrostylidiinae
The Arthrostylidiinae is a subtribe of bamboo (tribe Bambuseae of the family
Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpos ...
,
Chusqueinae
''Chusquea'' is a genus of evergreen bamboos in the grass family. Most of them are native to mountain habitats in Latin America, from Mexico to southern Chile and Argentina.
They are sometimes referred to as South American mountain bamboos. Unli ...
, and
Guaduinae
The Guaduinae is a subtribe of bamboo (tribe Bambuseae of the family
Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the ...
) and from the
Paleotropics The Paleotropical Kingdom (Paleotropis) is a floristic kingdom comprising tropical areas of Africa, Asia and Oceania (excluding Australia and New Zealand), as proposed by Ronald Good and Armen Takhtajan. Part of its flora, inherited from the anc ...
(subtribes
Bambusinae
The Bambusinae are a subtribe of bamboo (tribe Bambuseae of the family Poaceae). It comprises 17 genera.
Genera
*''Bambusa''
*'' Bonia''
*'' Cochinchinochloa''
*''Dendrocalamus''
*''Fimbribambusa''
*'' Gigantochloa''
*''Laobambos''
*'' Maclur ...
,
Hickeliinae
The Hickeliinae are a subtribe of bamboo (tribe Bambuseae of the family
Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of ...
,
Melocanninae
The Melocanninae is a subtribe of bamboo (tribe Bambuseae of the family Poaceae).
Genera
Nine genera were accepted by Soreng et al.:
*''Annamocalamus''
*'' Cephalostachyum''
*''Davidsea''
*'' Melocanna''
*''Neohouzeaua''
*'' Ochlandra''
*''P ...
genera
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial ...
are placed in eleven subtribes:
* subtribe
Arthrostylidiinae
The Arthrostylidiinae is a subtribe of bamboo (tribe Bambuseae of the family
Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpos ...
:
*:''
Actinocladum
''Actinocladum'' is a South American genus of bamboo in the grass family.
;Species
The only known species is ''Actinocladum verticillatum.'' The species is widespread across Bolivia
, image_flag = Bandera de Bolivia (Esta ...
'', ''
Alvimia
''Alvimia'' is a Brazilian genus of bamboo in the grass family. It is native to the eastern coastal regions of the State of Bahia in eastern Brazil.
;Species
# ''Alvimia auriculata'' Soderstr. & Londoño
# ''Alvimia gracilis'' Soderstr. & Lond ...
'', ''
Arthrostylidium
''Arthrostylidium'' is a Neotropical genus of climbing bamboo in the grass family. the species are native to Central America, the West Indies, northern South America, and southern Mexico.
;Species
;Formerly included
see '' Ampelocalamus Aulone ...
'', ''
Athroostachys
''Athroostachys'' is a Brazilian genus of bamboo in the grass family.
The only known species is ''Athroostachys capitata,'' native to Brazil (States of Bahia, Mato Grosso, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro).
See also
* List of Poaceae genera
The tr ...
Aulonemia
''Aulonemia'' is a genus of Latin American bamboo in the grass family
Poaceae () or Gramineae () is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamb ...
Filgueirasia
''Filgueirasia'' is a genus of Brazilian bamboo in the grass family.
Members of the genus were originally published as species of ''Apoclada'' and were classified in that genus for many years.McClure, F. 1973. Genera of Bamboos Native to the ...
Merostachys
''Merostachys'' is a Neotropical genus of bamboo in the grass family. It is found in South America and Central America from Belize to Paraguay
Paraguay (; ), officially the Republic of Paraguay ( es, República del Paraguay, links=no; gn, ...
'', ''
Myriocladus
''Myriocladus'' is a South American genus of bamboo in the grass family. It is found in the sandstone tablelands of Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, and northern Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Por ...
'', ''
Rhipidocladum
''Rhipidocladum'' is a genus of New World woody bamboo in the grass family). It found in Mesoamerica, Trinidad, and South America. The genus is characterized by 1) erect, non-pseudopetiolate culm leaves, 2) numerous branchlets arising in an aspid ...
''
* subtribe
Bambusinae
The Bambusinae are a subtribe of bamboo (tribe Bambuseae of the family Poaceae). It comprises 17 genera.
Genera
*''Bambusa''
*'' Bonia''
*'' Cochinchinochloa''
*''Dendrocalamus''
*''Fimbribambusa''
*'' Gigantochloa''
*''Laobambos''
*'' Maclur ...
:
*:''
Bambusa
''Bambusa'' is a large genus of clumping bamboos. Most species of ''Bambusa'' are rather large, with numerous branches emerging from the nodes, and one or two much larger than the rest. The branches can be as long as 11 m (35 ft).
The ...
Dendrocalamus
''Dendrocalamus'' is a tropical Asian genus of giant clumping bamboos in the grass family. It is found in the Indian subcontinent, China, and Southeast Asia.
'' Dendrocalamus giganteus'' is one of the tallest of bamboos, capable of reaching hei ...
'', ''
Fimbribambusa
''Bambusa'' is a large genus of clumping bamboos. Most species of ''Bambusa'' are rather large, with numerous branches emerging from the nodes, and one or two much larger than the rest. The branches can be as long as 11 m (35 ft).
The ...
'', ''
Gigantochloa
''Gigantochloa'' is a tropical Asian and Papuasian genus of giant clumping bamboos in the grass family. It is found in southern China, Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and New Guinea.
;Species
;Formerly included
see ''Bambusa Dendroca ...
Melocalamus
''Melocalamus'' is a genus of Asian bamboos in the grass family. It is found in lowland areas of Southern China, Indochina, and the eastern part of the Indian Subcontinent.
;Species
;Formerly included
see '' Dinochloa''
*''Melocalamus ...
Pseudoxytenanthera
''Pseudoxytenanthera'' is a genus of Asian bamboo in the grass family native to India, Sri Lanka, and Indochina.
;Species
# '' Pseudoxytenanthera bourdillonii'' (Gamble) H.B.Naithani – India
# '' Pseudoxytenanthera monadelpha'' (Thwaites ...
Chusqueinae
''Chusquea'' is a genus of evergreen bamboos in the grass family. Most of them are native to mountain habitats in Latin America, from Mexico to southern Chile and Argentina.
They are sometimes referred to as South American mountain bamboos. Unli ...
:
*:''
Chusquea
''Chusquea'' is a genus of evergreen bamboos in the grass family. Most of them are native to mountain habitats in Latin America, from Mexico to southern Chile and Argentina.
They are sometimes referred to as South American mountain bamboos. Unl ...
Cyrtochloa
''Cyrtochloa'' is a genus of Philippine bamboo
Bamboos are a diverse group of evergreen perennial flowering plants making up the subfamily Bambusoideae of the grass family Poaceae. Giant bamboos are the largest members of the grass fami ...
'', ''
Dinochloa
''Dinochloa'' is a genus of tropical clumping high-climbing bamboos in the grass family.
These species bear zigzag culms and fleshy fruits. They are found in the hill forests and lowland dipterocarp forest of southern China, Southeast Asia, a ...
Neololeba
''Neololeba'' is a tropical Asian, Australian, and Papuasian genus of bamboos in the grass family.
;Species
* '' Neololeba amahussana'' (Lindl.) Widjaja – Ambon, Seram
* '' Neololeba atra'' (Lindl.) Widjaja- Philippines, Sulawesi, Maluku, N ...
'', ''
Pinga
In Inuit religion, Pinga ("the one who is p onhigh") is a goddess of the hunt and medicine. She is heavily associated with the sky.
Caribou Inuit tradition
In Caribou Inuit communities, Pinga had some authority over caribou herds. She became a ...
Guaduinae
The Guaduinae is a subtribe of bamboo (tribe Bambuseae of the family
Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the ...
:
*:''
Apoclada
''Apoclada'' is a genus of Brazilian bamboo in the grass family).
The only known species is ''Apoclada simplex'', found in the forests of southeastern Brazil (States of Santa Catarina, Paraná, and São Paulo).Renvoize, S. A. 1988. Hatsch ...
Guadua
''Guadua'' is a Neotropical genus of thorny, clumping bamboo in the grass family, ranging from moderate to very large species.
Physically, '' Guadua angustifolia'' is noted for being the largest Neotropical bamboo. The genus is similar to ' ...
'', ''
Olmeca
''Olmeca'' is a genus of Mesoamerican bamboo in the grass family.
''Olmeca'' is the only known New World bamboo having large fleshy fruits. It also has rhizomes with long necks and very open clumps.
The genus is named for the Olmec peoples of ...
Hickeliinae
The Hickeliinae are a subtribe of bamboo (tribe Bambuseae of the family
Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of ...
:
*:''
Cathariostachys
''Cathariostachys'' is a genus of Madagascan bamboo in the grass family
Poaceae () or Gramineae () is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bam ...
Hickelia
''Hickelia'' is a genus of African bamboo in the grass family.
;Species
# ''Hickelia africana'' S.Dransf. - Tanzania
# ''Hickelia alaotrensis'' A.Camus - Madagascar
# ''Hickelia madagascariensis'' A.Camus - Madagascar
# ''Hickelia perrieri'' (A ...
Valiha
The valiha is a tube zither from Madagascar made from a species of local bamboo; it is considered the " national instrument" of Madagascar. The term is also used to describe a number of related zithers of differing shapes and materials.
Th ...
Melocanninae
The Melocanninae is a subtribe of bamboo (tribe Bambuseae of the family Poaceae).
Genera
Nine genera were accepted by Soreng et al.:
*''Annamocalamus''
*'' Cephalostachyum''
*''Davidsea''
*'' Melocanna''
*''Neohouzeaua''
*'' Ochlandra''
*''P ...
Cephalostachyum
''Cephalostachyum'' is a genus of Asian and Madagascar, Madagascan bamboo in the Poaceae, grass family.
The plants are of small to medium size compared to most other bamboo. Their choice Habitat (ecology), habitats are mountain to lowland forest ...
'', ''
Davidsea
''Davidsea attenuata'' is a Sri Lankan species of bamboo in the grass family.Melocanna'', ''
Schizostachyum
''Schizostachyum'' is a tall or shrub-like tropical genus of bamboo. They are natives mostly of tropical Asia and Papuasia, with a few species in Madagascar and on certain islands in the Pacific. A few have become naturalized in other t ...
Temburongia
''Temburongia'' is a genus of bamboo from the Sultanate of Brunei on the Island of Borneo. It is usually classified in the subtribe
Subtribe is a taxonomic category ranking which is below the rank of tribe and above genus. The standard suf ...
''
* ''
incertae sedis
' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertain ...