Chiyonofuji

, born , was a Japanese professional sumo wrestler and the 58th ''yokozuna'' of the sport.

Chiyonofuji was considered one of the greatest ''yokozuna'' in sumo's history, winning 31 tournament championships (''yūshō'') at the top division (''makuuchi''), second only to Taihō at the time of his retirement. He was particularly remarkable for his longevity in sumo's top rank, which he held for a period of ten years from 1981 to 1991. Promoted at the age of twenty-six after winning his second championship, his performance improved with age, winning more tournaments in his thirties than any other wrestler and dominating the sport in the second half of the 1980s. He finally retired in May 1991, just short of his thirty-sixth birthday. Following his retirement as a wrestler, he became an elder (''oyakata'') of the Japan Sumo Association and became the Kokonoe-oyakata the following year in 1992, serving as the stable master of Kokonoe stable until his death.

During his 21-year professional career, Chiyonofuji set records for most career victories (1045) and most wins in the top ''makuuchi'' division (807), earning an entry in the ''Guinness World Records'', although both of these records were later broken by Kaiō. He won the November Kyushu tournament, one of the six annual ''honbasho'', a record eight consecutive years from 1981 until 1988, and also set the record for the longest postwar run of consecutive wins (53 bouts in 1988). That record stood for 22 years until Hakuhō broke it with his 54th straight win in September 2010.

In a sport where weight is often regarded as vital, Chiyonofuji was comparatively light at around , making him the lightest ''yokozuna'' since Tochinoumi during the 1950s and 60s; he primarily relied on his muscle and superior technique to defeat his opponents. Chiyonofuji was a popular sumo wrestler who also went by his nickname due to his muscular build atypical of most other sumo wrestlers, his competitive ferocity, and his appeal as a sex symbol owing to his body and his masculine facial features.

Early life

He was born in Fukushima, a town in the Matsumae District of Hokkaido, northern Japan. He was a son of a fisherman. At school he excelled in athletics events, particularly running. He was scouted at the age of 15 by Kokonoe stable's head Chiyonoyama, who had served as the 41st ''yokozuna'' and was from the same Fukushima town. Chiyonoyama promised him a trip to Tokyo in an airplane, which excited the young Akimoto as he had never flown before.

Early career

When Mitsugu started his professional sumo career, he was given his ''shikona'' (ring name) surname of , which was formed from those of the two previous ''yokozuna'' from his stable, Chiyonoyama and Kitanofuji. is a word used to mean forever, and is the same as that in . At the time of his professional debut, he weighed just .

Chiyonofuji began his career in September 1970. He reached the second highest ''jūryō'' division in November 1974, and was promoted to the top ''makuuchi'' division in September 1975. However, he lasted only one tournament before being demoted again, and recurring shoulder dislocation injuries led to him falling back to the unsalaried ranks. During his time back below the salaried (''sekitori'') divisions, Chiyonoyama, his original master and the one who scouted and convinced him to join Kokonoe stable, died in 1977, after which Kitanofuji, the 52nd ''yokozuna'' and also a Hokkaido native, took over the stable.

He finally won promotion back to the top division in January 1978. After receiving a fighting spirit prize in May, Chiyonofuji reached ''komusubi'' (the fourth-highest rank) for the first time. During his early top division career he was often compared to another lightweight wrestler popular with sumo fans, Takanohana I. Takanohana had first come across Chiyonofuji whilst on a regional tour and encouraged him to give sumo a try. Later, he also advised Chiyonofuji to give up smoking, which helped him put on some extra weight.

In 1979, due to his shoulder trouble, Chiyonofuji briefly fell to the second division, but he soon came back. Encouraged by his stablemaster, he began to rely not only on throwing techniques, which increased the risk of re-injuring his shoulders, but also on gaining ground quickly and forcing out his opponents. Showing much more consistency, he earned three ''kinboshi'' by defeating ''yokozuna'' in the March and July 1980 tournaments, where he also got technique prizes. He fought again as a ''komusubi'' in the May and September tournaments, in the latter of which he won 10 matches in the top division for the first time. Chiyonofuji reached ''sekiwake'' (the third-highest rank), and stayed at this rank for only two tournament. As a sekiwake, he scored 11–4 in November, and in January 1981 he scored 14–1, losing only one regular match to dominating ''yokozuna'' Kitanoumi, and then defeated him in the subsequent playoff to win a top ''makuuchi'' division title for the first time. This earned him promotion to '' ōzeki,'' the second-highest rank. While making this speedy rise, he won the technique prize in the three previous tournaments, and won it again in that January 1981 tournament where he also earned the outstanding performance prize. As an ''ōzeki'' he scored well in the following three tournaments up to July 1981, where he again defeated Kitanoumi and won his second title. After this victory, he was promoted to ''yokozuna'', the 58th in sumo history.

''Yokozuna''

Chiyonofuji had to pull out of his first tournament as a ''yokozuna'' with an injury, but he returned to win the championship in November, defeating Asashio in a playoff. He later said that this victory was the foundation upon which he built his subsequent success as a ''yokozuna''. He was to win the Kyushu tournament eight consecutive years from 1981 to 1988, a record dominance of any of the six specific ''honbasho''.

As his rival Kitanoumi went into a long slump, Chiyonofuji dominated sumo in 1982, winning four of the six tournaments. However, another ''yokozuna'', Takanosato, emerged over the next two years to challenge him, and he also suffered a number of injury problems. Chiyonofuji was restricted to just one championship in the nine tournaments held from May 1983 to September 1984. But Kitanoumi retired in January 1985, with the aging Takanosato following a year later, and Chiyonofuji resumed his dominance. In 1986 he won five out of the six tournaments held, the first time this had been done since Kitanoumi in 1978. Despite being older and lighter than nearly all his opponents, he dominated the sport throughout the 1980s.

In 1988, he went on a winning streak of 53 bouts, the third longest in sumo history, second to ''yokozuna'' Hakuhō's 63, and Futabayama's all-time record of 69. The sequence began on the 7th day of the May 1988 tournament with victory over Hananoumi and continued through the July and September 1988 tournaments, ending only on the final day of the November 1988 tournament when he was defeated by Ōnokuni. Had he won that bout, he would have been the first wrestler ever to win three consecutive tournaments with 15–0 records. Nonetheless, his winning run was the best ever in the postwar period, surpassing the 45 bouts won by Taihō in 1968 and 1969. In July 1989 he took his 28th championship in a playoff from his stablemate Hokutoumi, marking the first time ever that two ''yokozuna'' from the same stable had met in competition. In September 1989 Chiyonofuji surpassed Ōshio's record of 964 career wins and became the first sumo wrestler to receive the People's Honour Award from the Japanese Prime Minister. In March 1990, he secured his 1000th win. A 32nd tournament title would have tied the record set by Taihō in 1971, but his 31st championship in November 1990 proved to be his last.

In the opening tournament of 1991, Chiyonofuji surpassed Kitanoumi's record of 804 top division wins but injured himself on the second day and had to withdraw. He returned in May, but he lost on the opening day of the tournament to the 18-year-old rising star and future ''yokozuna'' Takanohana Kōji (then known as Takahanada). It was estimated that half of the Japanese population watched the match on TV. Coincidentally, Takahanada's father, Takanohana Kenshi, had retired in 1981 shortly after losing to Chiyonofuji. Chiyonofuji beat Itai on the next day, but this was to be his final win. After losing another match with Takatōriki on the third day, Chiyonofuji announced his own retirement, a few weeks short of his 36th birthday.

Retirement from the ring

In September 1989 while Chiyonofuji was still active, the Japan Sumo Association decided to proffer the special status of '' ichidai-toshiyori'' (one-generation sumo-elder using his ring name as his elder name) to him, but he declined it because he intended to inherit another elder name. Following his retirement from the ring in May 1991, Chiyonofuji inherited the elder name of Jinmaku; then in 1992 he purchased the Kokonoe stable from Kitanofuji and the two exchanged their elder names (Jinmaku and Kokonoe). The purchase price of the stable was reported as being around 50 million yen, below the market rate for a stable. Under his leadership, the stable produced several top wrestlers including former ''ōzeki'' Chiyotaikai, former ''komusubi'' Chiyotenzan and former ''maegashira'' Chiyohakuhō. At the time of his death in 2016, Kokonoe stable was one of the most successful stables in sumo in terms of quantity of ''sekitori'', with four men ( Chiyotairyū, Chiyomaru, Chiyonokuni, and Chiyootori) in the top division and two ( Chiyoshoma and ) in ''jūryō''.
He also served for some years as a ringside judge.

In February 2008, he joined the board of directors of the Japan Sumo Association, where he was responsible for organising the regional tours or '' jungyō'', but he had to resign in April 2011 after his wrestler Chiyohakuhō admitted involvement in match-fixing and retired from sumo. He returned in the January 2012 elections as the Operations director (the second most senior position in the Association's hierarchy), but was unseated two years later. He chose not to run for a board position in the 2016 elections, citing a lack of support.

On May 31, 2015, he marked his 60th birthday by performing the ''kanreki dohyō-iri'' at the Ryōgoku Kokugikan, becoming the tenth former ''yokozuna'' to do so. Two active ''yokozuna'' were his attendants, with Hakuhō the '' tachimochi'' and Harumafuji acting as '' tsuyuharai.''

Family

Chiyonofuji announced his engagement shortly after his fifth tournament championship in May 1982. He had a son and three daughters. His second daughter, Kozue Akimoto, born in 1987, is a fashion model. His youngest daughter Ai died at the age of four months, shortly before the July tournament of 1989.

Death

Chiyonofuji had surgery for pancreatic cancer in July 2015, and was noticeably weak when speaking to reporters at the Aki basho in September of that year. Having reportedly told associates that the cancer had spread to his heart and lungs, he had been hospitalized since the fourth day of the Nagoya tournament in 2016. He died in Tokyo on July 31, 2016, at the age of 61. The chairman of the Japan Sumo Association, former ''yokozuna'' Hokutoumi who was a stablemate and protégé of Chiyonofuji, was too grief-stricken to speak to the press in the immediate aftermath of Chiyonofuji's death. His former stablemaster, ex-''yokozuna'' Kitanofuji, said that he was "blessed with a wonderful disciple." Another former ''yokozuna'', Takanohana, who hastened Chiyonofuji's retirement by defeating him in 1991, recalled his fear of Chiyonofuji's "metal body" when training with him. On August 2 the Sumo Association announced that a farewell ceremony for Chiyonofuji would be held at the entrance of the Ryōgoku Kokugikan on October 1.

Fighting style

Throughout his career, Chiyonofuji's trademark ''kimarite'' or technique was ''uwatenage'', or overarm throw. He preferred a ''migi-yotsu'', or left hand outside, right hand inside grip on his opponent's ''mawashi''. His left hand outer grip was so effective that some commentators referred to it as his "death grip." ''Uwatenage'' was his second most common winning technique at ''sekitori'' level after ''yorikiri'', or force out. He was also well known for ''tsuridashi'', or lift out. He had knowledge of a wide range of other techniques as well, employing 41 different ''kimarite'' in his career. In January 1987, he won with the very rare ''amiuchi'', or fisherman's net casting throw, and joked to the press afterwards that it was appropriate for him as he was the son of a fisherman.Sharnoff Chiyonofuji's muscular physique, athleticism and dramatic throws made him the most successful and one of the most popular wrestlers of his day.

Career record

Honours

*People's Honour Award (1989)
* Order of the Rising Sun, 3rd Class, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon (2016, posthumous)
* Junior Fourth Rank (2016, posthumous)

See also

*Glossary of sumo terms
* Kanreki dohyo-iri
*List of past sumo wrestlers
*List of sumo record holders
*List of sumo tournament top division champions
* List of sumo tournament top division runners-up
*List of yokozuna

References

Bibliography

*

External links

Japan Sumo Association Biography

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chiyonofuji, Mitsugu
1955 births
2016 deaths
Japanese sumo wrestlers
Sports world record setters
People's Honour Award winners
People from Fukushima, Hokkaido
Sumo people from Hokkaido
Yokozuna
Deaths from pancreatic cancer in Japan
Kokonoe stable sumo wrestlers