''Chionanthus'' (), common name: fringetrees, is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

of about 140 species of

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed with ...

s in the

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Oleaceae Oleaceae, also known as the olive family or sometimes the lilac family, is a taxonomic family of flowering shrubs, trees, and a few lianas in the order Lamiales. It presently comprises 28 genera, one of which is recently extinct.Peter S. Gree ...

. The genus has a wide distribution primarily in the tropics and subtropics, but with three species extending north into temperate regions, one (''C. retusus'') in eastern Asia and two (''C. virginicus'' and ''C. henryae'') in eastern North America. Most of the tropical species are

evergreen In botany, an evergreen is a plant which has Leaf, foliage that remains green and functional throughout the year. This contrasts with deciduous plants, which lose their foliage completely during the winter or dry season. Consisting of many diffe ...

, while the three temperate species are

deciduous In the fields of horticulture and botany, the term deciduous () means "falling off at maturity" and "tending to fall off", in reference to trees and shrubs that seasonally shed Leaf, leaves, usually in the autumn; to the shedding of petals, aft ...

. Some botanists restrict ''Chionanthus'' to the deciduous, temperate species, treating the evergreen species in a separate genus ''Linociera'', but apart from leaf persistence, there is no other consistent difference between them. They are

shrub A shrub or bush is a small to medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees by their multiple ...

s and small to medium-sized trees growing to 3–25 m tall. The

leaves A leaf (: leaves) is a principal appendage of the stem of a vascular plant, usually borne laterally above ground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", while the leaves, stem, ...

are opposite, simple. The

flower Flowers, also known as blooms and blossoms, are the reproductive structures of flowering plants ( angiosperms). Typically, they are structured in four circular levels, called whorls, around the end of a stalk. These whorls include: calyx, m ...

s are produced in feathery

panicle In botany, a panicle is a much-branched inflorescence. (softcover ). Some authors distinguish it from a compound spike inflorescence, by requiring that the flowers (and fruit) be pedicellate (having a single stem per flower). The branches of a p ...

s, with a corolla subdivided into four slender lobes; they are white, pale yellow, or tinged pink. The

fruit In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants (angiosperms) that is formed from the ovary after flowering. Fruits are the means by which angiosperms disseminate their seeds. Edible fruits in particular have long propaga ...

is a

drupe In botany, a drupe (or stone fruit) is a type of fruit in which an outer fleshy part (exocarp, or skin, and mesocarp, or flesh) surrounds a single shell (the ''pip'' (UK), ''pit'' (US), ''stone'', or ''pyrena'') of hardened endocarp with a seed ...

containing a single

seed In botany, a seed is a plant structure containing an embryo and stored nutrients in a protective coat called a ''testa''. More generally, the term "seed" means anything that can be Sowing, sown, which may include seed and husk or tuber. Seeds ...

.Flora of China v 15 p 293, genus ''Chionanthus''
/ref>

Species

Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online taxonomic database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. History Following the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew launched Plants of the World Online i ...

accepted the following species: # ''

Chionanthus abriaquiensis ''Chionanthus'' (), common name: fringetrees, is a genus of about 140 species of flowering plants in the family Oleaceae. The genus has a wide distribution primarily in the tropics and subtropics, but with three species extending north into t ...

'' Fern.Alonso & Cogollo # ''

Chionanthus acuminatissimus ''Chionanthus'' (), common name: fringetrees, is a genus of about 140 species of flowering plants in the family Oleaceae. The genus has a wide distribution primarily in the tropics and subtropics, but with three species extending north into t ...

'' (Merr.) Kiew ex de Juana # ''

Chionanthus acunae ''Chionanthus'' (), common name: fringetrees, is a genus of about 140 species of flowering plants in the family Oleaceae. The genus has a wide distribution primarily in the tropics and subtropics, but with three species extending north into t ...

'' (Borhidi & O.Muñiz) Borhidi -

Cuba Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is an island country, comprising the island of Cuba (largest island), Isla de la Juventud, and List of islands of Cuba, 4,195 islands, islets and cays surrounding the main island. It is located where the ...

# ''

Chionanthus adamsii ''Chionanthus'' (), common name: fringetrees, is a genus of about 140 species of flowering plants in the family Oleaceae. The genus has a wide distribution primarily in the tropics and subtropics, but with three species extending north into t ...

'' Stearn -

Jamaica Jamaica is an island country in the Caribbean Sea and the West Indies. At , it is the third-largest island—after Cuba and Hispaniola—of the Greater Antilles and the Caribbean. Jamaica lies about south of Cuba, west of Hispaniola (the is ...

# ''

Chionanthus albidiflorus ''Chionanthus albidiflorus'' (syn. ''Linociera albidiflora'' (Thwaites) C.B.Clarke) is a species of flowering plant in the family Oleaceae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, a ...

'' Thwaites –

Sri Lanka Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, also known historically as Ceylon, is an island country in South Asia. It lies in the Indian Ocean, southwest of the Bay of Bengal, separated from the Indian subcontinent, ...

# ''

Chionanthus amblirrhinus ''Chionanthus'' (), common name: fringetrees, is a genus of about 140 species of flowering plants in the family Oleaceae. The genus has a wide distribution primarily in the tropics and subtropics, but with three species extending north into t ...

'' P.S.Green -

Thailand Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and historically known as Siam (the official name until 1939), is a country in Southeast Asia on the Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochinese Peninsula. With a population of almost 66 million, it spa ...

# ''

Chionanthus avilensis ''Chionanthus'' (), common name: fringetrees, is a genus of about 140 species of flowering plants in the family Oleaceae. The genus has a wide distribution primarily in the tropics and subtropics, but with three species extending north into t ...

'' (Steyerm.) P.S.Green -

Venezuela Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many Federal Dependencies of Venezuela, islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea. It com ...

# ''

Chionanthus axillaris ''Chionanthus'' (), common name: fringetrees, is a genus of about 140 species of flowering plants in the family Oleaceae. The genus has a wide distribution primarily in the tropics and subtropics, but with three species extending north into t ...

'' R.Br. – Australia (

Queensland Queensland ( , commonly abbreviated as Qld) is a States and territories of Australia, state in northeastern Australia, and is the second-largest and third-most populous state in Australia. It is bordered by the Northern Territory, South Austr ...

) # '' Chionanthus axilliflorus'' (Griseb.) Stearn – Caribbean # '' Chionanthus bakeri'' (Urb.) Stearn - Cuba # ''

Chionanthus balgooyanus ''Chionanthus balgooyanus'' is a tree in the family Oleaceae. It is named for the Dutch botanist Max van Balgooy. Description ''Chionanthus balgooyanus'' grows up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . The bark is greyish green or dark brown ...

'' Kiew –

Sarawak Sarawak ( , ) is a States and federal territories of Malaysia, state of Malaysia. It is the largest among the 13 states, with an area almost equal to that of Peninsular Malaysia. Sarawak is located in East Malaysia in northwest Borneo, and is ...

# '' Chionanthus beccarii'' (Stapf) Kiew -

Sumatra Sumatra () is one of the Sunda Islands of western Indonesia. It is the largest island that is fully within Indonesian territory, as well as the list of islands by area, sixth-largest island in the world at 482,286.55 km2 (182,812 mi. ...

# '' Chionanthus brachystachys'' (Schltr.) P.S.Green -

New Caledonia New Caledonia ( ; ) is a group of islands in the southwest Pacific Ocean, southwest of Vanuatu and east of Australia. Located from Metropolitan France, it forms a Overseas France#Sui generis collectivity, ''sui generis'' collectivity of t ...

# '' Chionanthus brassii'' (Kobuski) Kiew -

Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea, officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is an island country in Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and offshore islands in Melanesia, a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean n ...

# ''

Chionanthus bumelioides ''Chionanthus'' (), common name: fringetrees, is a genus of about 140 species of flowering plants in the family Oleaceae. The genus has a wide distribution primarily in the tropics and subtropics, but with three species extending north into t ...

'' (Griseb.) Stearn -

Bahamas The Bahamas, officially the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is an archipelagic and island country within the Lucayan Archipelago of the Atlantic Ocean. It contains 97 per cent of the archipelago's land area and 88 per cent of its population. ...

, Cuba,

Hispaniola Hispaniola (, also ) is an island between Geography of Cuba, Cuba and Geography of Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico in the Greater Antilles of the Caribbean. Hispaniola is the most populous island in the West Indies, and the second-largest by List of C ...

# '' Chionanthus callophylloides'' Kiew –

Sabah Sabah () is a States and federal territories of Malaysia, state of Malaysia located in northern Borneo, in the region of East Malaysia. Sabah has land borders with the Malaysian state of Sarawak to the southwest and Indonesia's North Kalima ...

# ''Chionanthus callophyllus'' Blume – Thailand, Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo # ''Chionanthus caudifolius'' (Ridl.) Kiew - Peninsular Malaysia # ''Chionanthus caymanensis'' Stearn - Cayman Islands # ''Chionanthus celebicus'' Koord - Sulawesi # ''Chionanthus chrysopetalus'' Cornejo ex Lombardi # ''Chionanthus clementis'' (Quisumb. & Merr.) Kiew - Philippines # ''Chionanthus colonchensis'' Cornejo & Bonifaz - Ecuador # ''Chionanthus compactus'' Sw. – Caribbean # ''Chionanthus coriaceus'' (S.Vidal) Yuen P.Yang & S.Y.Lu - Taiwan + Philippines # ''Chionanthus cordulatus'' Koord. # ''Chionanthus courtallensis'' Bedd. # ''Chionanthus crassifolius'' (Mart.) P.S.Green - Brazil # ''Chionanthus crispus'' Kiew –

# ''Chionanthus curvicarpus'' Kiew – Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines # ''Chionanthus cuspidatus'' Blume - Borneo # ''Chionanthus decipiens'' P.S.Green - Myanmar + Thailand # ''Chionanthus densiflorus'' Zoll. & Moritzi - Java # ''Chionanthus dictyophyllus'' (Urb.) Stearn - Hispaniola # ''Chionanthus diversifolius'' Miq - Sumatra # ''Chionanthus domingensis'' Lam. – Caribbean # ''Chionanthus dussii'' (Krug & Urb.) Stearn - Dominica + Martinique # ''Chionanthus ellipticus'' Blume - Java + Sumatra # ''Chionanthus enerve'' (Steenis) Kiew - Borneo # ''Chionanthus eriorachis'' (Kerr) P.S.Green - Thailand # ''Chionanthus evenius'' (Stapf) Kiew – Malesia # ''Chionanthus ferrugineus'' (Gilg) P.S.Green - Brazil # ''Chionanthus filiformis'' (Vell.) P.S.Green - Brazil # ''Chionanthus fluminensis'' (Miers) P.S.Green - Brazil # ''Chionanthus gardneriorum'' Kiew # ''Chionanthus gigas'' (Lingelsh.) Kiew - New Guinea # ''Chionanthus globosus'' (Kiew) Kiew – Borneo # ''Chionanthus glomeratus'' Blume - Sumatra # ''Chionanthus grandifolius'' (Elmer) Kiew - Philippines # ''Chionanthus greenii'' Lombardi - Brazil # ''Chionanthus guangxiensis'' B.M.Miao. – Southeastern China (Guangxi). # ''Chionanthus guianensis'' (Aubl.) Pers - Venezuela + French Guiana # ''Chionanthus hahlii'' (Rech.) Kiew - Bismarck Archipelago, Bismarck, Solomon Islands, Solomons, Samoa # ''Chionanthus hainanensis'' (Merrill & Chun) B.M.Miao. – Southern China (Hainan) # ''Chionanthus havilandii'' Kiew – Borneo # ''Chionanthus henryae'' H.L.Li - USA (Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Arkansas) # ''Chionanthus henryanus'' P.S.Green. – Southwestern China, Burma # ''Chionanthus holdridgei'' (Camp & Monach.) Stearn – Caribbean # ''Chionanthus implicatus'' (Rusby) P.S.Green - South America # ''Chionanthus jamaicensis'' (Urb.) Stearn - Jamaica # ''Chionanthus kajewskii'' (Sleumer) Kiew - Solomon Islands # ''Chionanthus kinabaluensis'' Kiew – Borneo # ''Chionanthus kostermansii'' Kiew # ''Chionanthus lancifolius'' (Ridl.) Kiew - Peninsular Malaysia # ''Chionanthus leopoldii'' Kiew – Borneo # ''Chionanthus ligustrinus'' (Sw.) Pers. – Caribbean # ''Chionanthus littoreus'' Miq - Sumatra # ''Chionanthus longiflorus'' (H.L.Li) B.M.Miao. – Southwestern China (Yunnan) # ''Chionanthus longipetalus'' (Merr.) Kiew -

# ''Chionanthus lucens'' Kiew –

# ''Chionanthus luzonicus'' Blume - Philippines # ''Chionanthus macrobotrys'' (Merr.) Kiew - Sabah, Sarawak # ''Chionanthus macrocarpus'' Blume – Indonesia, Malaysia # ''Chionanthus macrothyrsus'' (Merr.) Soejarto & P.K.Lôc - Vietnam # ''Chionanthus mala-elengi'' (Dennst.) P.S.Green - India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Burma, Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia, Andaman Islands # ''Chionanthus maxwellii'' P.S.Green - Thailand # ''Chionanthus megistocarpus'' Fern.Alonso & Cogollo # ''Chionanthus micranthus'' (Mart.) Lozano & Fuertes - Brazil # ''Chionanthus microbotrys'' (Kerr) P.S.Green - Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam # ''Chionanthus microstigma'' (Gagnep.) P.S.Green - Laos, Thailand, Vietnam # ''Chionanthus minutiflorus'' Kurz - Burma # ''Chionanthus montanus'' Blume - Java, Sulawesi, Andaman & Nicobar Islands # ''Chionanthus nitens'' Koord. & Valeton - Java, Sulawesi # ''Chionanthus nitidus'' (Merr.) Kiew - Philippines # ''Chionanthus oblanceolatus'' (B.L.Rob.) P.S.Green - Mexico + Central America # ''Chionanthus oblongifolius'' Koord. & Valeton - Java # ''Chionanthus oliganthus'' (Merr.) Kiew -

# ''Chionanthus pachyphyllus'' (Merr.) Kiew – Borneo # ''Chionanthus palustris'' Kiew – Borneo # ''Chionanthus panamensis'' (Standl.) Stearn - Mexico, Central America # ''Chionanthus parkinsonii'' (Hutch.) Bennet & Raizada - Thailand, Vietnam, Andaman & Nicobar Islands # ''Chionanthus parviflorus'' Cornejo, Lombardi & W.W.Thomas # ''Chionanthus pedunculatus'' P.S.Green -

# ''Chionanthus plurifloroides'' Kiew – Borneo # ''Chionanthus pluriflorus'' (Knobl.) Kiew – Borneo # ''Chionanthus polycephalus'' Kiew – Borneo # ''Chionanthus polygamus'' (Roxb.) Kiew – Indonesia, Malaysia, New Guinea # ''Chionanthus porcatus'' Kiew – Borneo # ''Chionanthus proctorii'' Stearn - Jamaica # ''Chionanthus pubescens'' Kunth. – Ecuador, Peru # ''Chionanthus pubicalyx'' (Ridl.) Kiew – Borneo # ''Chionanthus purpureus'' Lam. - Sri Lanka # ''Chionanthus pygmaeus'' Small (Pygmy fringetree) – Southeastern United States (Florida) # ''Chionanthus pyriformis'' Kiew # ''Chionanthus quadristamineus'' F.Muell. – Australia (Lord Howe Island endemic) # ''Chionanthus racemosus'' (Merr.) Kiew & Pelser # ''Chionanthus ramiflorus'' Roxburgh – Australia (Queensland), southern China, India, Nepal, Vietnam # ''Chionanthus remotinervius'' (Merr.) Kiew - Philippines # ''Chionanthus retusus'' Lindley & Paxton (Chinese fringetree) – China, Japan, Korea # ''Chionanthus riparius'' (Lingelsh.) Kiew - New Guinea # ''Chionanthus robinsonii'' (Gagnep.) B.H.Quang # ''Chionanthus rostratus'' (Teijsm. & Binn.) Miq. - Java # ''Chionanthus rugosus'' Kiew – Borneo # ''Chionanthus rupicola'' (Lingelsh.) Kiew - Indonesia, New Guinea # ''Chionanthus sabahensis'' Kiew – Sabah # ''Chionanthus salicifolius'' (Lingelsh.) Kiew - New Guinea # ''Chionanthus sessiliflorus'' (Hemsl.) Kiew - New Guinea + Solomon Islands # ''Chionanthus sleumeri'' (C.T.White) Stearn – Australia (Queensland) # ''Chionanthus sordidus'' Kiew # ''Chionanthus spicatus'' Blume – Borneo # ''Chionanthus spicifer'' (Ridl.) Kiew - Peninsular Malaysia # ''Chionanthus stenurus'' (Merr.) Kiew - Sulawesi # ''Chionanthus subcapitatus'' (Merr.) B.H.Quang # ''Chionanthus subsessilis'' (Eichler) P.S.Green - Brazil # ''Chionanthus sulawesicus'' Kiew # ''Chionanthus sumatranus'' Blume - Sumatra + Andaman Islands # ''Chionanthus sutepensis'' (Kerr) P.S.Green - Thailand # ''Chionanthus tenuis'' P.S.Green - Brazil # ''Chionanthus thorelii'' (Gagnep.) P.S.Green - Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam # ''Chionanthus timorensis'' Blume - Timor # ''Chionanthus trichotomus'' (Vell.) P.S.Green - Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay # ''Chionanthus urbanii'' (Knobl.) Stearn - Hispaniola # ''Chionanthus vargasii'' Fern.Alonso & Cogollo # ''Chionanthus velutinus'' (Kerr) P.S.Green - Thailand # ''Chionanthus verruculatus'' D.Fang - China (Guangxi) # ''Chionanthus virginicus'' L. (White fringetree) – Eastern United States (Texas to Florida to Massachusetts to Missouri) # ''Chionanthus vitiensis'' (Seem.) A.C.Sm. - Niue, Fiji, Samoa, Tonga # ''Chionanthus wurdackii'' B.Ståhl - Peru # ''Chionanthus zeylanicus'' L. - Sri Lanka, southern India # ''Chionanthus zollingerianus'' Koord. & Valeton - Java

References

Cited works

* * *

External links

University of Pretoria: ''Chionanthus foveolatus''
{{Taxonbar, from=Q615000 Chionanthus, Oleaceae genera Ornamental trees