The soft power of the People's Republic of China is the indirect and non-military influence of the country that can be observed outside the country around the world. While

soft power In politics (and particularly in international politics), soft power is the ability to co-option, co-opt rather than coerce (in contrast with hard power). It involves shaping the preferences of others through appeal and attraction. Soft power is ...

as a concept can be summarized as "get others to do your bidding" without resorting to hard power, it has been argued that the

People's Republic of China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

uses a different approach (especially in

developed countries A developed country, or advanced country, is a sovereign state that has a high quality of life, developed economy, and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations. Most commonly, the criteria for eval ...

) to "get others to stop harming your image" which is more in line with its domestic policies.

Soft power rankings

China ranked 2nd out of 20 nations in the Elcano Global Presence Report for 2018 by the

Elcano Royal Institute The Elcano Royal Institute for International and Strategic Studies (Spanish language, Spanish: ''Real Instituto Elcano de Estudios Internacionales y Estratégicos''; RIE) is a think tank based in Madrid, Spain. It was created on 26 November 2001 a ...

. The report noted that China's Reputation ranking (24th) was considerably lower than its Influence ranking (2nd). According to the 2019 Asia Power Index, China takes the lead in diplomatic influence and ranks 2nd out of 25 countries in cultural influence after the US. China's ranked 27th out of 30 nations in the Soft Power 30 index for 2018 and 2019 published by Portland Communications and the USC Center on Public Diplomacy. According to the index, China is a "cultural juggernaut", being ranked 8th in the Culture category and 10th in the Engagement category. China is ranked 3rd out of 193 nations in the Global Soft Power Index 2024 published by Brand Finance, a brand evaluation consultancy. Its rise faster than any other nation brand in the Index.

Global influence and diplomacy

China's traditional culture has been a source of attraction, building on which it has created several hundred Confucius Institutes around the world to teach its language and culture. The enrollment of foreign students in China has increased from 36,000 a decade ago to at least 240,000 in 2010. China is the most popular country in Asia for international students, the leading destination globally for Anglophone African students, and the second most popular education power house in the world. China's

Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) is a multilateral development bank and international financial institution that aims to collectively improve economic and social outcomes in Asia. It is the world's second largest multi-lateral d ...

has attracted many western countries to join. Increasing political pressure and scrutiny around the Confucius Institutes have led to some closures. China has the largest diplomatic network in the world, overtaking the US in 2019. A spring 2014 Global Attitudes survey from Pew Research Center states China receives mostly positive reviews in the sub-Saharan African nations polled, although South Africans are closely divided (45% favorable, 40% unfavorable). Chinese soft power in the Middle East countries has been expanding since the beginning of the millennium, and includes many efforts in the fields of education, journalism, and popular culture. The use of Chinese medical aid during the

COVID-19 pandemic The COVID-19 pandemic (also known as the coronavirus pandemic and COVID pandemic), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), began with an disease outbreak, outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, in December ...

has been dubbed "face-mask diplomacy". China leveraged the 2022 Winter Olympics to promote and expand its grandiose

Belt and Road Initiative The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI or B&R), known in China as the One Belt One Road and sometimes referred to as the New Silk Road, is a global infrastructure development strategy adopted by the government of China in 2013 to invest in more t ...

(BRI). While the world was transfixed on the Olympic competitions, countless delegations of international politicians traveled to Beijing to meet privately with Chinese officials in order to carve out trade agreements that would allow their respective countries to become part of the BRI enterprise. In recent years, China has mainly exported Chinese culture overseas through Chinese video games. For example, one-third of the top 100 mobile games in Japan currently come from China. Gaming companies like Tencent have become instruments for China to exert soft power, acquiring shares in major video game companies and embedding Chinese cultural elements into games to promote China's influence globally.{{Cite journal , last=Yuan , first=Shaoyu , date=November 25, 2024 , title=From play to power: china's video games as instruments of soft power , url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09512748.2024.2433748 , journal=The Pacific Review , language=en , pages=1–22 , doi=10.1080/09512748.2024.2433748 , issn=0951-2748, url-access=subscription

References

Power (social and political) theories Foreign relations of China

Soft power rankings

Global influence and diplomacy

See also

References