Chiloé National Park is a national park of

Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in western South America. It is the southernmost country in the world and the closest to Antarctica, stretching along a narrow strip of land between the Andes, Andes Mountains and the Paci ...

, located in the western coast of

Chiloé Island Chiloé Island (, , ), also known as Greater Island of Chiloé (''Isla Grande de Chiloé''), is the largest island of the Chiloé Archipelago off the west coast of Chile, in the Pacific Ocean. The island is located in southern Chile, in the Los L ...

, in

Los Lagos Region Los Lagos Region ( , 'Region of the Lakes') is one of regions of Chile, Chile's 16 regions, which are first order administrative divisions, and comprises four provinces: Chiloé Province, Chiloé, Llanquihue Province, Llanquihue, Osorno Provin ...

(region of the lakes). It encompasses an area of divided into two main sectors: the smallest, called Chepu, is in the commune of

Ancud Ancud () is a city in southern Chile located in the northernmost part of the island and province of Chiloé, in Los Lagos Region. It is the second largest city of Chiloé Archipelago after Castro. The city was established in 1768 to function as ...

, whereas the rest, called Anay, is in the communes of

Dalcahue Dalcahue is a port city and a commune in Chiloé Province, on Chiloé Island, Los Lagos Region, Chile. Demographics According to the 2002 census by the National Statistics Institute, the Dalcachue commune spans an area of and had 10,693 inhab ...

, Castro and

Chonchi Chonchi is a Chilean List of towns in Chile, town and Communes of Chile, commune located in Los Lagos Region. The commune consists of the town of Chonchi and the following villages: * Rauco * Quinched * Vilupulli * Teupa * Terao * Petanes * Notue ...

. The greater portion of the Park is in the foothills of

Chilean Coastal Range The Chilean Coastal Range () is a mountain range that runs from north to south along the Pacific coast of South America parallel to the Andean Mountains, extending from Morro de Arica in the north to Taitao Peninsula, where it ends at the Chi ...

, known as the ''Cordillera del Piuchén''. It includes zones of dunes,

Valdivian temperate rain forests The Valdivian temperate forests (NT0404) is an terrestrial ecoregion, ecoregion on the west coast of southern South America, in Chile and Argentina. It is part of the Neotropical realm. The forests are named after the city of Valdivia, Chile, Val ...

, swamps, and peat bogs. A small portion, Metalqui, is an islet with an area of . It is located between 42° 07' and 42° 13' south

latitude In geography, latitude is a geographic coordinate system, geographic coordinate that specifies the north-south position of a point on the surface of the Earth or another celestial body. Latitude is given as an angle that ranges from −90° at t ...

and between 73° 55' and 74° 09' west

longitude Longitude (, ) is a geographic coordinate that specifies the east- west position of a point on the surface of the Earth, or another celestial body. It is an angular measurement, usually expressed in degrees and denoted by the Greek lett ...

(see ).

History

The park was created by Supreme Chilean Decree N° 734, in 1982. Its surface area has been reduced by more than by populated land that was initially in the protected area.

Climate

The climate is wet and temperate, with average annual temperatures of and abundant precipitation distributed uniformly throughout the year, varying according to the altitude. On the Pacific coast over fall annually, while in the higher elevations of the Piuchén, nearly fall, and on the rain-shadowed eastern slopes, as little as in annual precipitation is measured.

Flora

The predominant vegetation is that of the

Valdivian forest The Valdivian temperate forests (NT0404) is an ecoregion on the west coast of southern South America, in Chile and Argentina. It is part of the Neotropical realm. The forests are named after the city of Valdivia. The Valdivian temperate rainfores ...

, a dense forest formed by perennial trees, shrubs and climbing plants. The rainforests are made up of evergreen

southern beech ''Nothofagus'', also known as the southern beeches, is a genus of 43 species of trees and shrubs native to the Southern Hemisphere, found across southern South America (Chile, Argentina) and east and southeast Australia, New Zealand, New Guin ...

(''Nothofagus''), and some native conifers, including the magnificent alerce (''Fitzroya cupressoides''). Extensive bogs and swamps are found in the hills. The Chilean rhubarb is also very common.

Fauna

The feature that made the island of Chiloe and the

Gulf of Corcovado Gulf of Corcovado () is a large body of water separating the Chiloé Island from the mainland of Chile. Geologically, it is a forearc basin that has been carved out by Quaternary glaciers. Most of the islands of Chiloé Archipelago are located i ...

world-famous is the presence of local population of

pygmy blue whale The pygmy blue whale (''Balaenoptera musculus brevicauda'') is a subspecies of the blue whale (''Balaenoptera musculus'') found in the Indian Ocean and the Southern Pacific Ocean. Taxonomy The pygmy blue whale formed from a founder group of An ...

s (The

Cetacean Conservation Center The Cetacean Conservation Center (Centro de Conservación Cetacea or CCC) is a Chilean NGO dedicated to the conservation of cetaceans and other marine mammals that inhabit the coastal waters of Chile. The CCC also engages in public education and ...

carries out the Blue Whale Project). There are only 4 or more known forging grounds of them and

blue whale The blue whale (''Balaenoptera musculus'') is a marine mammal and a baleen whale. Reaching a maximum confirmed length of and weighing up to , it is the largest animal known ever to have existed. The blue whale's long and slender body can ...

s in Southern Hemisphere including Chiloe region. In this area, it is notable that whales often enter into narrow

fiord In physical geography, a fjord (also spelled fiord in New Zealand English; ) is a long, narrow sea inlet with steep sides or cliffs, created by a glacier. Fjords exist on the coasts of Antarctica, the Arctic, and surrounding landmasses of the no ...

s either to feed or rest. This area is also an important habitats for other whale species such as humpbacks, finbacks,

seis The seis is a type of Puerto Rican Jíbaro dance music closely associated with the décima. It originated in the latter half of the 17th century in the southern part of Spain. The seis is influenced by Spanish, African, and Taino cultures. The ...

, and possibly for critically endangered, only around 30 animals-remaining

Peru Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pac ...

/Chilean stock of

southern right whale The southern right whale (''Eubalaena australis'') is a baleen whale, one of three species classified as right whales belonging to the genus ''Eubalaena''. Southern right whales inhabit oceans south of the Equator, between the latitudes of 20� ...

s as well. Whales can also be observed close to shore in southern side of the island, such as near

Caleta Zorra Caleta Zorra (meaning "Bay of foxes" in Spanish) is an enclosed, half-moon shaped inlet on the Pacific coast of Chiloé Island in Los Lagos region, southern Chile. Lying north of Punta Pabellion, it is located among Punta Zorra and Punta Barranc ...

Important Bird Area

The park has been designated an

Important Bird Area An Important Bird and Biodiversity Area (IBA) is an area identified using an internationally agreed set of criteria as being globally important for the conservation of bird populations. IBA was developed and sites are identified by BirdLife Int ...

(IBA) by

BirdLife International BirdLife International is a global partnership of non-governmental organizations that strives to conserve birds and their habitats. BirdLife International's priorities include preventing extinction of bird species, identifying and safeguarding i ...

because it supports significant populations of

Chilean pigeon The Chilean pigeon (''Patagioenas araucana'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Chile and Argentina. Taxonomy and systematics The Chilean pigeon is monotypic. It, ring-tailed pigeon (''Patagioenas caribaea''), and ...

slender-billed parakeet The slender-billed parakeet (''Enicognathus leptorhynchus'') or choroy, is a species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is endemic to Chile, where it is known by the local common name '' ...

black-throated huet-huet The black-throated huet-huet (''Pteroptochos tarnii'') is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae.Chesser, R.T. (1999) Molecular systematics of the rhinocryptid genus ''Pteroptochos''. ''The Condor'' 101:439-446. It is found in southern ...

s and

chucao tapaculo The chucao tapaculo (''Scelorchilus rubecula'') is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is found in central Chile and adjacent Argentina; it has also been recorded in Chile's Magallanes Province.Cárcamo, J. ''et al.'' (2008) Fi ...

References

Sources

Translated from the Spanish site (see interwiki link).
Parque Nacional Chiloe
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chiloe National Park Protected areas of Los Lagos Region Natural history of Chile Chiloé Archipelago Protected areas established in 1983 National parks of Chile Important Bird Areas of Chile Valdivian temperate forests 1983 establishments in Chile