Chikugo Province

was a province of Japan in the area of northern Kyūshū, corresponding to part of southwestern Fukuoka Prefecture. Chikugo bordered on Higo and Chikugo to the southeast, and Chikuzen to the north and east, Bungo to the east and Hizen to the west. Its abbreviated form name was (a name which it shared with Chikuzen Province), although it was also called . In terms of the Gokishichidō system, Chikugo was one of the provinces of the Saikaidō circuit. Under the ''Engishiki'' classification system, Chikugo was ranked as one of the "superior countries" (上国) in terms of importance, and one of the "far countries" (遠国) in terms of distance from the capital.

History

Early history

Ancient Tsukushi Province was a major power center in the Yayoi period, with contacts to the Asian mainland and may have been the site for the Kingdom of Yamatai mentioned in official Chinese dynastic Twenty-Four Histories for the 1st- and 2nd-century Eastern Han dynasty, the 3rd-century ''Records of the Three Kingdoms'', and the 6th-century ''Book of Sui''. During the Kofun period, many burial mounds were constructed and the area was ruled by a powerful clan who held the title of "Tsukushi no ''kuni no miyatsuko''". The area was the launching point for Empress Jingu's purported conquest of Korea, and was the settlement area for many '' toraijin'' immigrants from China, Silla and Baekje. In 527, the Iwai Rebellion between rival factions supporting Silla against Yamato rule occurred. In 531, the priest Zensho arrived from Northern Wei and established '' Shugendo''. In 663, the Yamato government, which was defeated by the combined Silla and Tang China forces at the Battle of Hakusonko, decided to establish Dazaifu as a regional military and civil administrative center, and after the Taika Reforms and the establishment of the ''Ritsuryō'' system in 701, Tsukushi Province was divided into Chikuzen and Chikugo Provinces.

The ''kokufu'' of Chikugo was located in what is now part of the city of Kurume, and its ruins are now a National Historic Site. The ruins of the Chikugo Kokubun-ji was also located in the same area, and are likewise a National Historic Site. The ''ichinomiya'' of Chikugo Province is Kōra taisha, also in Kurume and is also the Sōja shrine of the province.

Muromachi and Sengoku periods

* 1359 ('' Enbun 4''): Battle of Chikugo River (''Chikugogawa''), Ashikaga gain a military victory.
* 1361 (''Enbun 6'') : Imperial forces led by Kikuchi Takemitsu capture Dazaifu.Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)
"Kikuchi Takemitsu"
in ''Japan encyclopedia'', p. 517.

During the Sengoku period, the ''shugo'' of the province was the Otomo clan; however, in reality the province was controlled by 15 petty warlords, from the Kamachi clan, Tajiri clan, Kuroki clan and others.

Edo period and early modern period

Chikugo under the Tokugawa shogunate was largely dominated by Kurume Domain, ruled by the Arima clan in the north, with a smaller area under the rule of Yanagawa Domain, ruled by the Tachibana clan in the south.

Following the Boshin War">Tachibana clan (samurai)">Tachibana clan in the south.

Following the Boshin War and the Meiji restoration, former shogunal territory was assigned to Hita Prefecture on October 13, 1868, which was merged with Nagasaki Prefecture two weeks later. On November 11, 1868, Shimotedo Domain in Mutsu Province relocated its seat to Chikugo, and restored Miike Domain. With the abolition of the han system on December 25, 1871, Kurume, Yanagawa and Miike became prefectures, which were then united as "Mizuma Prefecture". On August 21, 1876, Mizuma Prefecture and merged into Fukuoka Prefecture.

Per the early Meiji period , an official government assessment of the nation's resources, Chikugo Province had 789 villages with a total '' kokudaka'' of 536,851 ''koku''. Chikugo Province consisted of:

Gallery

Koura-taisha, nakamon.jpg, Kora taisha, the ''ichinomiya'' of the province
Chikugo Kokubunji kodo.JPG, Site of the Chikugo Kokubun-ji
Chikugo-kokufu-ato.JPG, Site of the Chikugo Provincial Capital
Kurume castle.JPG, Kurume Castle
Arima Yorishige.jpg, Arima Yorishige, final ''daimyō'' of Kurume Domain

Notes

References

* Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005)
''Japan encyclopedia.''
Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ;
* Papinot, Edmond. (1910). ''Historical and Geographic Dictionary of Japan.'' Tokyo: Librarie Sansaisha
OCLC 77691250

External links

{{Authority control

Former provinces of Japan
History of Fukuoka Prefecture
1871 disestablishments in Japan
States and territories disestablished in 1871