Chiapa (in

Aymara Aymara may refer to: Languages and people * Aymaran languages, the second most widespread Andean language ** Aymara language, the main language within that family ** Central Aymara, the other surviving branch of the Aymara(n) family, which today ...

: ''Ch´iyapa,'' "''furrow''" or "''gap''") is a Chilean town. Chiapa is a town located in the

Tarapacá Region The Tarapacá Region ( es, Región de Tarapacá, ) is one of Chile's 16 first-order administrative divisions. It comprises two provinces, Iquique and Tamarugal. It borders the Chilean Arica and Parinacota Region to the north, Bolivia's Orur ...

Tamarugal Province Tamarugal Province ( es, Provincia de Tamarugal) is one of two provinces in the northern Chilean region of Tarapacá. The capital is the city of Pozo Almonte. Name The province is named after Pampa del Tamarugal. Spanish name: * Provincia de Ta ...

Huara Huara is a Chilean town and commune in Tamarugal Province, Tarapacá Region. It is located or ( by road) northeast of Iquique. The village is crossed by the Pan-American Highway and is the crossing point for the road that goes to Oruro in Boliv ...

Commune,

Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the eas ...

. It is located in the area of the

Precordillera Precordillera is a Spanish geographical term for hills and mountains lying before a greater range, foothills. The term is derived from ''cordillera'' (mountain range)—literally "pre-mountain range"—and applied usually to the Andes. Some places ...

, about 3,200 meters above sea level (masl). Its inhabitants are mainly

descendants, with lineages that identify themselves as

Quechua Quechua may refer to: *Quechua people, several indigenous ethnic groups in South America, especially in Peru *Quechuan languages, a Native South American language family spoken primarily in the Andes, derived from a common ancestral language **So ...

origin. However, according to the anthropological evidence existing to date, there were no Quechua-speaking communities at the time of the

Spanish colonization The Spanish Empire ( es, link=no, Imperio español), also known as the Hispanic Monarchy ( es, link=no, Monarquía Hispánica) or the Catholic Monarchy ( es, link=no, Monarquía Católica) was a colonial empire governed by Spain and its predece ...

in the Chiapa Valley or in the Quebrada de Aroma, without prejudice to the probable existence of multi-ethnic lineages. Together with the towns of Illalla and Jaiña, they are part of the same cultural unit, based on the common irrigation system, being preserved from

Pre-Hispanic In the history of the Americas, the pre-Columbian era spans from the original settlement of North and South America in the Upper Paleolithic period through European colonization, which began with Christopher Columbus's voyage of 1492. Usually, t ...

times to the present. The town is within the Volcán Isluga National Park.

History

The first settlements in the Chiapa Valley date back to the

times due to the gentile ruins on the hills and hills surrounding the town. It is believed that at the time of the Spanish conquest and colonization, Chiapa was under the jurisdiction of the chief Juan García Chuquichambi, who was possibly of Caranga origin. Chiapa was under the jurisdiction of the manor Caranga, whose capital was the highland village of Hatun Caranga, now known as Turco. Chiapa was included within the

encomienda The ''encomienda'' () was a Spanish labour system that rewarded conquerors with the labour of conquered non-Christian peoples. The labourers, in theory, were provided with benefits by the conquerors for whom they laboured, including military ...

de Tarapacá, granted to Lucas Martínez de Vegazo in 1540, where he brought together the dispersed population of the valley to reduce them into Indian towns, following the policies of Viceroy Toledo. During the

Tupac Amaru II Tupac Amaru Shakur ( ; born Lesane Parish Crooks, June 16, 1971 – September 13, 1996), also known as 2Pac and Makaveli, was an American rapper. He is widely considered one of the most influential rappers of all time. Shakur is among the b ...

Rebellion between 1780 and 1783, Chiapa was in the hands of the rebels led by "the captain of the Sierra" Romualdo Pacivilca Callisaya, who established coordination with the rebels in

Camiña Camiña is a Chilean commune and village in El Tamarugal Province, Tarapacá Region. According to the 2002 census, the commune population was 1,275 and has an area of . Demographics According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Insti ...

and Tarapacá. During the sovereignty of

Peru , image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg , image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg , other_symbol = Great Seal of the State , other_symbol_type = Seal (emblem), National seal , national_motto = "Fi ...

, Chiapa belonged to the province and region of Tarapacá, being also the capital of the District of Chiapa. After the

War of the Pacific The War of the Pacific ( es, link=no, Guerra del Pacífico), also known as the Saltpeter War ( es, link=no, Guerra del salitre) and by multiple other names, was a war between Chile and a Bolivian–Peruvian alliance from 1879 to 1884. Fought ...

, Chiapa became Chilean sovereignty, by virtue of the

Treaty of Ancón The Treaty of Ancón was a peace treaty signed by Chile and Peru on 20 October 1883, in Ancón, near Lima. It was intended to settle the two nations' remaining territorial differences at the conclusion of their involvement in the War of the Pac ...

celebrated in 1885. With the creation of the region of Tarapacá, Chiapa came under the jurisdiction of the Aroma District, of the Subdelegation of

. During the time of nitrate exploitation, Chiapa was very important as a commercial center, arriving immigrants of various nationalities. Within this context, Chiapa had to supply the Canton of Negreiros, through the town of Negreiros, becoming an important link in the existing trade network between the two ecological floors: the highlands and the coastal areas.

References

{{coord, 19, 32, 12, S, 69, 12, 22, W, display=title, region:CL_type:city Populated places in Tarapacá Region Communes of Chile