Chiapa (in

Aymara Aymara may refer to: Languages and people * Aymaran languages, the second most widespread Andean language ** Aymara language, the main language within that family ** Central Aymara, the other surviving branch of the Aymara(n) family, which today ...

: ''Ch´iyapa,'' "''furrow''" or "''gap''") is a Chilean town. Chiapa is a town located in the

Tarapacá Region The Tarapacá Region (, ) is one of Chile's 16 first-order Administrative divisions of Chile, administrative divisions. It comprises two provinces, Iquique Province, Iquique and Tamarugal Province, Tamarugal. It borders the Chilean Arica y Par ...

Tamarugal Province Tamarugal Province () is one of two provinces in the northern Chilean region of Tarapacá. The capital is the city of Pozo Almonte. Name The province is named after Pampa del Tamarugal. Spanish name: * Provincia de Tamarugal: Used by the gove ...

Huara Huara is a Chilean town and Communes of Chile, commune in Tamarugal Province, Tarapacá Region. It is located or ( by road) northeast of Iquique. The village is crossed by the Pan-American Highway and is the crossing point for the road that goes ...

Commune,

Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in western South America. It is the southernmost country in the world and the closest to Antarctica, stretching along a narrow strip of land between the Andes, Andes Mountains and the Paci ...

. It is located in the area of the

Precordillera Precordillera is a Spanish geographical term for hills and mountains lying before a greater range, similar to foothills. The term is derived from ''cordillera'' (mountain range)—literally "pre-mountain range"—and applied usually to the Andes. ...

, about 3,200 meters above sea level. Its inhabitants are mainly

descendants, with lineages that identify themselves as

Quechua Quechua may refer to: *Quechua people, several Indigenous ethnic groups in South America, especially in Peru *Quechuan languages, an Indigenous South American language family spoken primarily in the Andes, derived from a common ancestral language ...

origin. However, according to the anthropological evidence existing to date, there were no Quechua-speaking communities at the time of the Spanish colonization in the Chiapa Valley or in the Quebrada de Aroma, without prejudice to the probable existence of multi-ethnic lineages. Together with the towns of Illalla and Jaiña, they are part of the same cultural unit, based on the common irrigation system, being preserved from

Pre-Hispanic In the history of the Americas, the pre-Columbian era, also known as the pre-contact era, or as the pre-Cabraline era specifically in Brazil, spans from the initial peopling of the Americas in the Upper Paleolithic to the onset of European c ...

times to the present. The town is within the

Volcán Isluga National Park Volcán Isluga National Park () is in the Andes, in the Tarapacá Region of Chile, near Colchane and south of Lauca Biosphere Reserve. It covers , with elevations ranging between . It is named after Volcán Isluga, which at 5,550 m, is the t ...

History

The first settlements in the Chiapa Valley date back to the

times due to the gentile ruins on the hills and hills surrounding the town. It is believed that at the time of the Spanish conquest and colonization, Chiapa was under the jurisdiction of the chief Juan García Chuquichambi, who was possibly of Caranga origin. Chiapa was under the jurisdiction of the manor Caranga, whose capital was the highland village of Hatun Caranga, now known as Turco. Chiapa was included within the

encomienda The ''encomienda'' () was a Spanish Labour (human activity), labour system that rewarded Conquistador, conquerors with the labour of conquered non-Christian peoples. In theory, the conquerors provided the labourers with benefits, including mil ...

de Tarapacá, granted to Lucas Martínez de Vegazo in 1540, where he brought together the dispersed population of the valley to reduce them into Indian towns, following the policies of Viceroy Toledo. During the

Tupac Amaru II Tupac Amaru Shakur (; born Lesane Parish Crooks; June 16, 1971 – September 13, 1996), also known by his stage names 2Pac and Makaveli, was an American rapper and actor, regarded as one of the greatest and most influential rappers of all tim ...

Rebellion between 1780 and 1783, Chiapa was in the hands of the rebels led by "the captain of the Sierra" Romualdo Pacivilca Callisaya, who established coordination with the rebels in Camiña and

Tarapacá San Lorenzo de Tarapacá, also known simply as Tarapacá, is a town in the region of the same name in Chile. History The town has likely been inhabited since the 12th century, when it formed part of the Inca trail. When Spanish explorer Diego ...

. During the sovereignty of

Peru Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pac ...

, Chiapa belonged to the province and region of

, being also the capital of the District of Chiapa. After the

War of the Pacific The War of the Pacific (), also known by War of the Pacific#Etymology, multiple other names, was a war between Chile and a Treaty of Defensive Alliance (Bolivia–Peru), Bolivian–Peruvian alliance from 1879 to 1884. Fought over Atacama Desert ...

, Chiapa became Chilean sovereignty, by virtue of the

Treaty of Ancón The Treaty of Ancón was a peace treaty signed by Chile and Peru on 20 October 1883, in Ancón, near Lima. It was intended to settle the two nations' remaining territorial differences at the conclusion of their involvement in the War of the Paci ...

celebrated in 1885. With the creation of the region of Tarapacá, Chiapa came under the jurisdiction of the Aroma District, of the Subdelegation of Camiña. During the time of nitrate exploitation, Chiapa was very important as a commercial center, arriving immigrants of various nationalities. Within this context, Chiapa had to supply the Canton of Negreiros, through the town of Negreiros, becoming an important link in the existing trade network between the two ecological floors: the highlands and the coastal areas.

References

{{coord, 19, 32, 12, S, 69, 12, 22, W, display=title, region:CL_type:city Populated places in Tarapacá Region Communes of Chile