Het Gezicht van Cheribon 1775 cropped chialoup

A chialoup (or chaloup) was a type of sloop used in the

East Indies The East Indies (or simply the Indies) is a term used in historical narratives of the Age of Discovery. The ''Indies'' broadly referred to various lands in Eastern world, the East or the Eastern Hemisphere, particularly the islands and mainl ...

, a combination of western ( Dutch) and Nusantaran ( Indonesian) technologies and techniques. Many of these "boat-ships" were produced by

VOC VOC, VoC or voc may refer to: Science and technology * Open-circuit voltage (VOC), the voltage between two terminals when there is no external load connected * Variant of concern, a category used during the assessment of a new variant of a virus * ...

shipwrights in

Rembang Rembang Regency () is a Regencies of Indonesia, regency () on the extreme northeast coast of Central Java Province, on the island of Java (bordering on the Java Sea) in Indonesia. The regency covers an area of 1,036.70 km2 on Java, and it had ...

and Juwana, where the majority of the workers were local Javanese. Chialoups were used by the Dutch East India Company and private merchant-sailors of western and Nusantaran origin.

Description

The chialoup sail plan mimics that used in sloops, with a combination of

square-rigged Square rig is a generic type of sail and rigging arrangement in which a sailing vessel's primary driving sails are carried on horizontal spars that are perpendicular (or square) to the median plane of the keel and masts of the vessel. These sp ...

and

fore-and-aft A fore-and-aft rig is a sailing ship rig with sails set mainly in the median plane of the keel, rather than perpendicular to it, as on a square-rigged vessel. Description Fore-and-aft rigged sails include staysails, Bermuda rigged sails, gaff ...

sails. The boats are usually single-decked with one mast, sometimes with an added

mizzen mast The mast of a sailing ship, sailing vessel is a tall spar (sailing), spar, or arrangement of spars, erected more or less vertically on the median plane, median line of a ship or boat. Its purposes include carrying sails, spars, and derricks, givi ...

. While most such chialoups use a European-style central

rudder A rudder is a primary control surface used to steer a ship, boat, submarine, hovercraft, airship, or other vehicle that moves through a fluid medium (usually air or water). On an airplane, the rudder is used primarily to counter adverse yaw ...

, some are equipped with two side (quarter) rudders, a characteristic of Nusantaran boats. The length is between 15 and 25 meters, with a cargo bay almost 6 meters long. Depending on the size of the boat, crews run 20 to 40 people, with a typical load capacity of 72 to 144 metric tons. In the ''syahbandar's'' (harbourmaster) record of Malacca a chialoup is listed carrying up to 200 tons of cargo and a crew of 75 people. Chialoups on average were armed with 4

cannon A cannon is a large-caliber gun classified as a type of artillery, which usually launches a projectile using explosive chemical propellant. Gunpowder ("black powder") was the primary propellant before the invention of smokeless powder during th ...

s, 1

swivel gun A swivel gun (or simply swivel) is a small cannon mounted on a swiveling stand or fork which allows a very wide arc of movement. Another type of firearm referred to as a swivel gun was an early flintlock combination gun with two barrels that rot ...

, and 7 snaphaunces. In the era after 1820, chialoups gradually disappeared from the "List of Ships and Sea Vehicles from the

", a periodical published by the colonial government of the Dutch East Indies, and the term chialoup appeared more rarely in newspapers, replaced with ''kotter'', a Dutch word for a type of sloop.Bruyn Kops, G.F. de (1921): 'Vaartuigen', in D.G. Stibbe and C. Spat (eds.), ''Encyclopaedie van Nederlandsch-Indië'' (5; ‘sGravenhage: Nijhoff), 422-446Liebner, Horst H. (2016). ''Beberapa Catatan Akan Sejarah Pembuatan Perahu Dan Pelayaran Nusantara''. Jakarta: Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture.

Description

See also

References

Further reading