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Charles Frederick Whittlesey (1867–1941) was an American architect best known for his work in the American southwest, and for pioneering work in
reinforced concrete Reinforced concrete, also called ferroconcrete or ferro-concrete, is a composite material in which concrete's relatively low tensile strength and ductility are compensated for by the inclusion of reinforcement having higher tensile strength or ...
in California.


Life

Born in
Alton, Illinois Alton ( ) is a city on the Mississippi River in Madison County, Illinois, United States, about north of St. Louis, Missouri. The population was 25,676 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census. It is a part of the River Bend (Illinois), Riv ...
, Whittlesey was a draftsman for
Louis Sullivan Louis Henry Sullivan (September 3, 1856 – April 14, 1924) was an American architect, and has been called a "father of skyscrapers" and "father of modernism". He was an influential architect of the Chicago school (architecture), Chicago ...
before opening his own Chicago practice. Many of Whittlesey's major commissions show Sullivan's influence. In 1900, at the age of 33, Whittlesey was appointed Chief Architect for the
Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railway The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway , often referred to as the Santa Fe or AT&SF, was one of the largest Class 1 railroads in the United States between 1859 and 1996. The Santa Fe was a pioneer in intermodal freight transport; at variou ...
. Among many other stations and hotels for the railroad, he designed the
El Tovar Hotel The El Tovar Hotel, also known simply as El Tovar, is a former Fred Harvey Company, Harvey House hotel situated directly on the south rim of the Grand Canyon in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, United States. The hotel was designed by Charl ...
, the former
Harvey House The Fred Harvey Company was the owner of the Harvey House chain of restaurants, hotels and other hospitality industry businesses alongside railroads in the Western United States. It was founded in 1876 by Fred Harvey (entrepreneur), Fred Harve ...
situated just 20 ft from the south rim of the
Grand Canyon The Grand Canyon is a steep-sided canyon carved by the Colorado River in Arizona, United States. The Grand Canyon is long, up to wide and attains a depth of over a mile (). The canyon and adjacent rim are contained within Grand Canyon Nati ...
in
Arizona Arizona is a U.S. state, state in the Southwestern United States, Southwestern region of the United States, sharing the Four Corners region of the western United States with Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah. It also borders Nevada to the nort ...
, United States. It stands at the northern terminus of the
Grand Canyon Railway The Grand Canyon Railway is a heritage railroad which carries passengers between Williams, Arizona, and the South Rim of Grand Canyon National Park. The railroad, built by the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway, was completed on September ...
, formerly a branch of the Santa Fe. The hotel is one of only a handful of Harvey House facilities still in operation, and is an example of
National Park Service Rustic National Park Service rustic – sometimes colloquially called Parkitecture – is a style of architecture that developed in the early and middle 20th century in the United States National Park Service (NPS) through its efforts to create building ...
architecture. The razed Alvarado Hotel in
Albuquerque, New Mexico Albuquerque ( ; ), also known as ABQ, Burque, the Duke City, and in the past 'the Q', is the List of municipalities in New Mexico, most populous city in the U.S. state of New Mexico, and the county seat of Bernalillo County, New Mexico, Bernal ...
was also his design, with interior work done by
Mary Colter Mary Elizabeth Jane Colter (April 4, 1869 – January 8, 1958) was an American architect and designer. She was one of the very few female American architects in her day. She was the designer of many landmark buildings and spaces for the Fred Har ...
. Whittlesey moved to San Francisco in 1907 and worked mainly there and in Los Angeles, becoming known for his early work in reinforced concrete. Whittlesey's son Austin C. Whittlesey (1893–1950) was also an architect, apprenticed in the office of
Bertram Goodhue Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue (April 28, 1869 – April 23, 1924) was an American architect celebrated for his work in Gothic Revival architecture, Gothic Revival and Spanish Colonial Revival architecture, Spanish Colonial Revival design. He also d ...
for seven years, and was active in Southern California in the 1930s. While working as staff designer for
Allison & Allison Allison & Allison was the architectural firm of brothers James E. Allison (1870 – 1955) and David C. Allison (1881 – 1962). They established their firm in Pittsburgh in 1904 and moved to Los Angeles in 1910, where they would become we ...
he designed the 1930
Southern California Edison Southern California Edison (SCE), the largest subsidiary of Edison International, is the primary electric utility company for much of Southern California. It provides 15 million people with electricity across a service territory of approximate ...
Building, across the street from Goodhue's L.A. Public Library. His daughter, Enid Caroline Whittlesey (1895–1981), was murdered in Los Angeles; the cold case investigation was featured on the TV series ''
Forensic Files ''Forensic Files'', originally known as ''Medical Detectives'', is an American documentary television program that reveals how forensic science is used to solve violent crimes, mysterious accidents, and outbreaks of illness. The show was origin ...
'' (Season 7, episode 32).


Work

* Central School, 1897,
Riverside, Illinois Riverside is a suburban village in Cook County, Illinois, United States. The population of the village was 9,298 at the 2020 census. It is a suburb of Chicago, located roughly west of downtown Chicago and outside city limits. A significant por ...
* The Alvarado Hotel,
Albuquerque, New Mexico Albuquerque ( ; ), also known as ABQ, Burque, the Duke City, and in the past 'the Q', is the List of municipalities in New Mexico, most populous city in the U.S. state of New Mexico, and the county seat of Bernalillo County, New Mexico, Bernal ...
, 1902, with the interior by
Mary Colter Mary Elizabeth Jane Colter (April 4, 1869 – January 8, 1958) was an American architect and designer. She was one of the very few female American architects in her day. She was the designer of many landmark buildings and spaces for the Fred Har ...
(razed) * Whittlesey House, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 1903 (now known as the Albuquerque Press Club) * Santa Fe Railroad Depot,
Berkeley, California Berkeley ( ) is a city on the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay in northern Alameda County, California, United States. It is named after the 18th-century Anglo-Irish bishop and philosopher George Berkeley. It borders the cities of Oakland, Cali ...
, 1903 * The Riordan family homes, now the
Riordan Mansion State Historic Park Riordan Mansion State Historic Park is a historic site in Flagstaff, Arizona, bordering Northern Arizona University. Origin This park features the duplex home of Timothy and Michael Riordan, lumber baron brothers who married sisters, Carolin ...
, in
Flagstaff, Arizona Flagstaff ( ), known locally as Flag, is the county seat of Coconino County, Arizona, in the southwestern United States. As of the 2020 United States census, the city's population was 76,831. Flagstaff is the principal city of the Coconino Cou ...
, 1904 * The George Babbitt home, 1904
Flagstaff, Arizona Flagstaff ( ), known locally as Flag, is the county seat of Coconino County, Arizona, in the southwestern United States. As of the 2020 United States census, the city's population was 76,831. Flagstaff is the principal city of the Coconino Cou ...
(burned down circa 1960) * First Methodist Episcopal Church,
Albuquerque, New Mexico Albuquerque ( ; ), also known as ABQ, Burque, the Duke City, and in the past 'the Q', is the List of municipalities in New Mexico, most populous city in the U.S. state of New Mexico, and the county seat of Bernalillo County, New Mexico, Bernal ...
, 1904 * Santa Fe Railroad Depot,
Shawnee, Oklahoma Shawnee () is a city in and the county seat of Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma, Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 29,857 in 2010, a 4.9 percent increase from the figure of 28,692 in 2000. The city is part of the Oklah ...
,1904. The building is made of limestone blocks two to three feet thick, and assembled in the Romanesque revival style. The depot's floor plan is based on the style of early European churches. A tower resembling a Scottish lighthouse rises up from the east side of a multi-arched portico. The beautiful ceilings of the depot are made of stained boxcar siding. The structure was put on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. In 1977, it was traded to the City of Shawnee and is now open to the public as the Historical Society of Pottawatomie County. * Hotel Hayward, Sixth and Spring, Downtown Los Angeles, 1906. One of the first major structures built with reinforced concrete. Converted to mixed-use commercial and housing in late 2000s and now known as the Hayward Manor Apartments. *
El Tovar Hotel The El Tovar Hotel, also known simply as El Tovar, is a former Fred Harvey Company, Harvey House hotel situated directly on the south rim of the Grand Canyon in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, United States. The hotel was designed by Charl ...
,
Grand Canyon The Grand Canyon is a steep-sided canyon carved by the Colorado River in Arizona, United States. The Grand Canyon is long, up to wide and attains a depth of over a mile (). The canyon and adjacent rim are contained within Grand Canyon Nati ...
,
Arizona Arizona is a U.S. state, state in the Southwestern United States, Southwestern region of the United States, sharing the Four Corners region of the western United States with Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah. It also borders Nevada to the nort ...
, 1905. "The most expensively constructed pointed log house in America." * Clune's Auditorium,
Los Angeles Los Angeles, often referred to by its initials L.A., is the List of municipalities in California, most populous city in the U.S. state of California, and the commercial, Financial District, Los Angeles, financial, and Culture of Los Angeles, ...
, 1905–06, billed as the largest
reinforced concrete Reinforced concrete, also called ferroconcrete or ferro-concrete, is a composite material in which concrete's relatively low tensile strength and ductility are compensated for by the inclusion of reinforcement having higher tensile strength or ...
structure in California, later redubbed the Philharmonic Auditorium. The auditorium "exhibited some of the most enthusiastic Sullivanesque ornament to be found in Southern California." This
Moorish Revival Moorish Revival or Neo-Moorish is one of the exotic revival architectural styles that were adopted by architects of Europe and the Americas in the wake of Romanticism, Romanticist Orientalism. It reached the height of its popularity after the mi ...
building, described as "''one of the most beautiful buildings in Los Angeles''" was demolished in 1985. The site is now (2012) a parking lot. *
Forrester Building Forrester Building is a historic eight-story building located at 638 S. Broadway in the Broadway Theater District in the historic core of downtown Los Angeles. History Forrester Building was designed by Charles Frederick Whittlesey, built in ...
,
Los Angeles Los Angeles, often referred to by its initials L.A., is the List of municipalities in California, most populous city in the U.S. state of California, and the commercial, Financial District, Los Angeles, financial, and Culture of Los Angeles, ...
, 1907,
contributing property In the law regulating historic districts in the United States, a contributing property or contributing resource is any building, object, or structure which adds to the historical integrity or architectural qualities that make the historic dist ...
in the
Broadway Theater and Commercial District The Broadway Theater District in the Historic Core of Downtown Los Angeles is the first and largest historic theater district listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). With twelve movie palaces located along a six-block stretch ...
* Hotel Wentworth,
Pasadena, California Pasadena ( ) is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States, northeast of downtown Los Angeles. It is the most populous city and the primary cultural center of the San Gabriel Valley. Old Pasadena is the city's original commerci ...
, 1907, later purchased by Henry E. Huntington, reworked by
Myron Hunt Myron Hubbard Hunt (February 27, 1868 – May 26, 1952) was an American architect whose numerous projects include many noted landmarks in Southern California and Evanston, Illinois. Hunt was elected a Fellow in the American Institute of Archi ...
, and reopened as the Huntington Hotel in 1914. In 1954 the hotel complex was sold to the
Sheraton Hotel Sheraton Hotels and Resorts is an American international hotel chain owned by Marriott International. As of June 30, 2020, Sheraton operates 446 hotels with 155,617 rooms globally, including locations in North America, Africa, Asia-Pacific, Centr ...
chain. * Pacific Building,
San Francisco San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is a commercial, Financial District, San Francisco, financial, and Culture of San Francisco, cultural center of Northern California. With a population of 827,526 residents as of ...
, 1907, "remarkable for its
Sullivanesque Louis Henry Sullivan (September 3, 1856 – April 14, 1924) was an American architect, and has been called a "father of skyscrapers" and "father of modernism". He was an influential architect of the Chicago School, a mentor to Frank Lloy ...
terra cotta ornament", now the Palomar Hotel * Lycurgus Lindsay House, Los Angeles, 1908 * Hueter Building, 816 Mission Street, San Francisco, 1908 * Apartment building, 1230-38 Taylor Street, San Francisco, 1909, * Seven historic houses in the Russian Hill District, San Francisco, 1910-1913 * Old Student Union,
Stanford Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly referred to as Stanford University, is a private research university in Stanford, California, United States. It was founded in 1885 by railroad magnate Leland Stanford (the eighth governor of and th ...
,
Stanford, California Stanford is a census-designated place (CDP) in the northwest corner of Santa Clara County, California, United States. It is the home of Stanford University, after which it was named. The CDP's population was 21,150 at the United States Census, ...
, 1915 * The Leiman House on Euclid Avenue, Berkeley, California, 1921. Originally built as a side-by-side duplex home, it was converted to a single family in the 1980s by E. Lofting, then converted back to a duplex in 2011 * El Rey Hotel, Los Angeles, 1923, now the Weingart Center for the Homeless * The Moorish-influenced Mayflower Hotel on Grand Avenue in Downtown Los Angeles,1927, now known as the Hilton Checkers Hotel. One of Hilton's first properties.


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Whittlesey, Charles 20th-century American architects Concrete pioneers American railway architects American Craftsman architects Gothic Revival architects Rustic style architects 1867 births 1941 deaths Architects from Chicago Architects from Los Angeles Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway people People from Alton, Illinois