Charles Emmanuel Reinhardt (1868–1920) was a British

physician A physician, medical practitioner (British English), medical doctor, or simply doctor is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through the Medical education, study, Med ...

animal welfare Animal welfare is the quality of life and overall well-being of animals. Formal standards of animal welfare vary between contexts, but are debated mostly by animal welfare groups, legislators, and academics. Animal welfare science uses measures ...

activist and

anti-vivisectionist Vivisection () is surgery conducted for experimental purposes on a living organism, typically animals with a central nervous system, to view living internal structure. The word is, more broadly, used as a pejorative catch-all term for experiment ...

Biography

Reinhardt was the first physician to advocate

open-air treatment Open-air treatment is the therapeutic use of fresh air and sunshine. In a hospital or sanitorium, this may be done by ensuring good ventilation in an airy, sunny room or by housing patients outdoors in tents or other open forms of accommodati ...

in England. He established the Hailey Open-Air Sanatorium at

Ipsden Ipsden is a village and Civil parishes in England, civil parish in the Chiltern Hills in South Oxfordshire, about southeast of Wallingford, Oxfordshire, Wallingford. It is almost equidistant from Oxford and Reading, Berkshire, Reading, Berkshi ...

, Wallingford and acted as visiting physician.Walters, F. Rufenacht. (1905)
''Sanatoria for Consumptives: A Critical and Detailed Description Together With an Exposition of the Open-Air or Hygienic Treatment of Phthisis''
New York: E.P. Dutton. pp. 159-160 The sanatorium contained a number of sleeping

chalet A chalet (pronounced in British English; in American English usually ), also called Swiss chalet, is a type of building or house, typical of the Alpine region in Europe. It is made of wood, with a heavy, gently sloping roof and wide, well-su ...

s. He was Honorary Secretary of the Open-Air League and co-authored a handbook on open air treatment. In his book ''Diet and the Maximum Duration of Life'', Reinhardt argued that

colon cleansing Colon cleansing, also known as colon therapy, colon hydrotherapy, a colonic, or colonic irrigation, encompasses a number of alternative medical therapies claimed to remove toxins from the colon and intestinal tract by removing accumulations o ...

was responsible for postponing old age.Stark, James F. (2020). ''The Cult of Youth: Anti-Ageing in Modern Britain''. Cambridge University Press. pp. 74-75. Reinhardt was influenced by the research of

Élie Metchnikoff Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov (; – 15 July 1916), also spelled Élie Metchnikoff, was a zoologist from the Russian Empire of Moldavian noble ancestry and alshereat archive.org best known for his research in immunology (study of immune systems) and ...

and was one of the earliest physicians to promote the consumption of

yoghurt Yogurt (; , from , ; also spelled yoghurt, yogourt or yoghourt) is a food produced by bacterial fermentation of milk. Fermentation of sugars in the milk by these bacteria produces lactic acid, which acts on milk protein to give yogurt its tex ...

. In his book ''120 Years of Life: The Book of the Sour Milk Treatment'' (1910), he described yogurt as the "deliberate employment of microbes which confer a benefit upon their human host." He changed his second name to Reinhardt-Rutland in August 1914. He took the name from his great grandmother Jane Rutland (1703–1799).

Animal welfare

Reinhardt was an

. He was associated with the

National Anti-Vivisection Society The National Anti-Vivisection Society (NAVS) is an international non-profit Animal welfare, animal protection group, based in London, working to end animal testing, and focused on the replacement of animals in research with advanced, scientific t ...

. He served as Chairman for the

Council of Justice to Animals The Humane Slaughter Association (HSA) supports research, training, and development to improve the welfare of livestock during transport and slaughter. It provides technical information about handling and slaughter on its website, training for ...

and was an executive committee member for the Horses and Drivers' Aid Committee. In 1912, Reinhardt attended a meeting at

Torre Abbey Torre Abbey is a historic building and art gallery in Torquay, Devon, which lies in the South West of England. It was founded in 1196 as a monastery for Premonstratensian canons, and is now the best-preserved medieval monastery in Devon and C ...

in which he defended animals as akin to humans because they feel pain and experience suffering."‘Justice for Animals’ at Torre Abbey"
We Are South Devon. Reinhardt opposed excessive meat eating but promoted dairy products.

Selected publications

''A Handbook of the Open-Air Treatment and Life in an Open-Air Sanatorium''
(with David Thomson, 1902) *''The Consumptive Poor of England: A Problem and a Solution'' (1905)
''Notes on the Open-Air Treatment of Consumption''
(1906)
''120 years of Life: The Book of the Sour Milk Treatment''
(1909)
''Elixir Vitæ Nova: A Treatise Upon the Use of Lactic Ferments''
(1909)
''Diet and the Maximum Duration of Life''
(1910) *''A Plea for the Humane Slaughter of Animals Used for Food'' (1911) *''Old Friends in Hard Times: A Little Book for Lovers of Animals'' (1912) *''The Seventh Son'' (1912) *''Mental Therapeutics: Or, Faith, Medicine, and the Mind'' (1914)

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Reinhardt, Charles 1868 births 1920 deaths 19th-century British medical doctors 20th-century British medical doctors Alternative detoxification promoters British anti-vivisectionists British animal welfare scholars British animal welfare workers