
Charles Dunoyer Barthélemy-Charles-Pierre-Joseph Dunoyer de Segonzac (20 May 1786 – 4 December 1862), better known as Charles Dunoyer (), was a French economist of the
French Liberal School.
Dunoyer gave one of the earliest theories of
economic cycle
Business cycles are intervals of general Economic expansion, expansion followed by recession in economic performance. The changes in economic activity that characterize business cycles have important implications for the welfare of the general po ...
, building on the theory of periodic crises of
Jean Charles Léonard de Sismondi
Jean Charles Léonard de Sismondi, also known as Jean Charles Leonard Simonde de Sismondi (; 9 May 1773 – 25 June 1842), whose real surname was Simonde, was a Swiss historian and political economist, who is best known for his works on French ...
and introducing the notion of the economy periodically cycling between two phases.
Biography
Dunoyer was born in
Carennac,
Quercy
Quercy (; , locally ) is a former province of France located in the country's southwest, bounded on the north by Limousin, on the west by Périgord and Agenais, on the south by Gascony and Languedoc, and on the east by Rouergue and Auverg ...
(now in
Lot). In 1814, he had founded together with
Charles Comte the journal ''
Le Censeur'', a platform for liberal ideas. Dunoyer would also publish a variety of books on political economy, among them ''De la Liberté du travail'' (''On the Freedom of Labour'', 1845).
Dunoyer was an early member of the
Société d'économie politique
The Société d’Economie Politique () is a French learned society concerned with political economy. It was founded in 1842 to provide a forum for discussion of free trade, a subject of violent debate at the time, and has continued to organize dis ...
organized in 1842 by
Pellegrino Rossi
Pellegrino Luigi Odoardo Rossi (13 July 1787 – 15 November 1848) was an Italian economist, politician and jurist. He was an important figure of the July Monarchy in France, and the minister of justice in the government of the Papal States, unde ...
.
He was a member of the
Académie des Sciences morales et politiques
An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of tertiary education. The name traces back to Plato's school of philosophy, founded approximately 386 BC at Akademia, a sanctuary of Athena, the go ...
of the
Institut de France
The ; ) is a French learned society, grouping five , including the . It was established in 1795 at the direction of the National Convention. Located on the Quai de Conti in the 6th arrondissement of Paris, the institute manages approximately ...
. He was also a member of the
Conseil d'État
In France, the (; Council of State) is a governmental body that acts both as legal adviser to the executive branch and as the supreme court for administrative justice, which is one of the two branches of the French judiciary system. Establ ...
of the
Second Republic. While many know of the less than amiable relationship between
Auguste Comte
Isidore Auguste Marie François Xavier Comte (; ; 19 January 1798 – 5 September 1857) was a French philosopher, mathematician and writer who formulated the doctrine of positivism. He is often regarded as the first philosopher of science in the ...
and
Saint-Simon, there is much less knowledge of the more amiable twenty-five-year-long relationship between Auguste Comte and Charles Dunoyer. The latter relationship is discussed most fully by
Leonard Liggio in "Charles Dunoyer and French Classical Liberalism".
Auguste Comte
Isidore Auguste Marie François Xavier Comte (; ; 19 January 1798 – 5 September 1857) was a French philosopher, mathematician and writer who formulated the doctrine of positivism. He is often regarded as the first philosopher of science in the ...
's intellectual biographer Mary Pickering also cites a review of Liggio's article when she too mentions this relationship. Dunoyer is also mentioned in the opening sentences of the entry on
slavery
Slavery is the ownership of a person as property, especially in regards to their labour. Slavery typically involves compulsory work, with the slave's location of work and residence dictated by the party that holds them in bondage. Enslavemen ...
by the Comtist
John Kells Ingram in both the ninth, or scholar's edition, of the ''
Encyclopædia Britannica
The is a general knowledge, general-knowledge English-language encyclopaedia. It has been published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. since 1768, although the company has changed ownership seven times. The 2010 version of the 15th edition, ...
'' and the later eleventh edition as well. Although he is one of the over 550 worthies cited in Auguste Comte's ''Calendar of Great Men'' (1849), Dunoyer is primarily cited as a substitute for
Adam Smith
Adam Smith (baptised 1723 – 17 July 1790) was a Scottish economist and philosopher who was a pioneer in the field of political economy and key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment. Seen by some as the "father of economics"——— or ...
.
Dunoyer died on 4 December 1862 in
Paris
Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...
.
Bibliography
*
L’Industrie et la morale considérées dans leurs rapports avec la liberté', 1825
*
Nouveau traité d'économie sociale, ou Simple exposition des causes sous l'influence desquelles les hommes parviennent à user de leurs forces avec le plus de liberté, c'est-à-dire avec le plus de facilité et de puissance, Tome 1', 1830
*
Nouveau traité d'économie sociale, ou Simple exposition des causes sous l'influence desquelles les hommes parviennent à user de leurs forces avec le plus de liberté, c'est-à-dire avec le plus de facilité et de puissance, Tome 2', 1830
*
De la Liberté d’enseignement', 1844
*
De la Liberté du travail, ou Simple exposé des conditions dans lesquelles les forces humaines s’exercent avec le plus de puissance', 1845
*
La Révolution du 24 Février', 1848
* ''Rapport fait au nom de la section de morale sur le concours concernant les rapports de la morale et de l'économie politique'', 1860
References
Further reading
* Gruner, Shirley M. (1969) "Political Historiography in Restoration France", History and Theory, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 346–365.
*
*
External links
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dunoyer, Charles
19th-century French economists
French tax resisters
French classical liberal economists
Members of the Académie des sciences morales et politiques
1786 births
1862 deaths