Charkhi Dadri
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Charkhi Dadri is a city and the headquarters of Charkhi Dadri district in the Indian state of
Haryana Haryana () is a States and union territories of India, state located in the northern part of India. It was carved out after the linguistic reorganisation of Punjab, India, Punjab on 1 November 1966. It is ranked 21st in terms of area, with les ...
, about 90 km from the national capital Delhi. The town was made by joining the villages of Charkhi and Dadri after urban development. Charkhi Dadri is on NH 148B between Narnaul to
Bathinda Bathinda is a city and municipal corporation in Punjab, India. The city is the administrative headquarters of Bathinda district. It is located in northwestern India in the Malwa Region, west of the capital city of Chandigarh and is the fifth ...
and NH 348B between Meerut to Pilani segment passing through the city.


Etymology

"Dadri" is derived from a lake called ''Dadar'' which was full of ''dadur'' (
Sanskrit Sanskrit (; stem form ; nominal singular , ,) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. It arose in northwest South Asia after its predecessor languages had Trans-cultural ...
: frog) from which it took its current name. To distinguish Dadri from other similarly named places in the area, sometimes Dadri's name was appended to the nearby village of ''Charkhi''. After India became independent, in recognition of the contribution of people of Charki village during the first war of independence in 1857 against the British colonial rule and Praja Mandala movement against the oppressive rule of the Jind State, the government officially named the town as ''Charkhi-Dadri''.Haryana Gazetteer
Revenue Dept of Haryana, Chapter-V.
Sohan Singh Khattar and Reena Kar, 2021
Know Your State Haryana
Arihant Publications, pp 308.
When Ramkrishna Dalmia, the founder of Dalmia Group, established a cement factory at Dadri during the rule of Jind State, the town was renamed as "Dalmia Dadri" on request of Sir Ganga Ram Kaul who was then Chief Minister of Jind State, which was renamed to "Charkhi Dadri" when Jind State was merged with
Patiala and East Punjab States Union The Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU) was a States and union territories of India, state of India, uniting eight princely states between 1948 and 1956. The capital and principal city was Patiala. The state covered an area of 26,208 ...
(PEPSU) in 1948.


History


Chalcolithic Era

Archaeological excavations and explorations conducted so far in the district have revealed that this region was first inhabited by the Chalcolithic agricultural communities as early as 2400 B.C. These early settlers of this area, known as Sothians lived at Mitathal, Chang, Tigrana, Dadri, Manheru, Mishri, Jhinjar and Talu in small mud-brick houses with thatched roofs, comprising about 50 to 100 houses each.


Early history

The town was founded around the 12th century by Bilhan Singh Lamba. itation needed According to the
oral tradition Oral tradition, or oral lore, is a form of human communication in which knowledge, art, ideas and culture are received, preserved, and transmitted orally from one generation to another.Jan Vansina, Vansina, Jan: ''Oral Tradition as History'' (19 ...
, he saw a cow and lion drinking water side by side at dadur lake. Intrigued by the sight, he went to a nearby cottage where a Mahatma named Swami Dayal lived. Bilhan Singh sought Mahatma's blessings and was told that if he made the place his home, his family would be blessed and would rule over it in the future.


Mughal era

Mughal emperors
Akbar Akbar (Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar, – ), popularly known as Akbar the Great, was the third Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1556 to 1605. Akbar succeeded his father, Humayun, under a regent, Bairam Khan, who helped the young emperor expa ...
and Farrukhsiyar both issued
firman A firman (; ), at the constitutional level, was a royal mandate or decree issued by a sovereign in an Islamic state. During various periods such firmans were collected and applied as traditional bodies of law. The English word ''firman'' co ...
s (housed in Red Fort Archaeological Museum and "Rao Harnarian Singh Dhan Collection of Charkhi Dadri" respectively) to grant land to
zamindar A zamindar in the Indian subcontinent was an autonomous or semi-autonomous feudal lord of a ''zamindari'' (feudal estate). The term itself came into use during the Mughal Empire, when Persian was the official language; ''zamindar'' is the ...
s as ''"madad-i-mash"'' (subsistence allowance). Rao Dhan Singh, Brahman took part in the revolt of 1857 and fought bravely in the Battle of Narnaul, against British but due to failure of revolt lost their jagirdari included many villages to British.


British colonial era

In 1806, the
British Raj The British Raj ( ; from Hindustani language, Hindustani , 'reign', 'rule' or 'government') was the colonial rule of the British The Crown, Crown on the Indian subcontinent, * * lasting from 1858 to 1947. * * It is also called Crown rule ...
gave Charkhi Dadri to the
Nawab Nawab is a royal title indicating a ruler, often of a South Asian state, in many ways comparable to the Western title of Prince. The relationship of a Nawab to the Emperor of India has been compared to that of the Kingdom of Saxony, Kings of ...
of Jhajjhar, the ruler of the princely state of Jhajjhar, who then stayed in power till 1857. The Charkhi Dadri tract had an area of 575 sq. miles and revenue of Rs 1,03,000 annually. In the 1857 war, the Nawab of Dadri, Bahadur Jung Khan, who had given token allegiance to Emperor ˞BahadurShah Zafar, surrendered to British and was tried by military court-martial in Delhi on 27 November 1857. He was removed to
Lahore Lahore ( ; ; ) is the capital and largest city of the Administrative units of Pakistan, Pakistani province of Punjab, Pakistan, Punjab. It is the List of cities in Pakistan by population, second-largest city in Pakistan, after Karachi, and ...
. Dadri was awarded to Raja Sarup Singh of
Jind Jind is one of the largest and oldest cities in Jind district in the Indian state of Haryana. It is the administrative headquarter of Jind district. Rani Talab is the main destination for tourists while Pandu Pindara and Ramrai are the ma ...
for his services to the East India Company ( EIC) in the 1857 war. In May 1864, some fifty Sangwan Jat villages revolted against his descendant, Raja Raghbir Singh, but the rebellion was crushed. Three principal villages which took part in the rebellion, Charkhi, Mankawas and Jhojhu, were burned down. Notable Sanskrit, Arabic and Persian scholars lived here, as evident by the collection of Sanskrit and Persian manuscripts possessed by Rao Uttam Singh, a teacher to the King of Jind State.


1996 mid-air collision

Charkhi Dadri came to media attention when, on 12 November 1996, a Kazakhstan Airlines Ilyushin Il-76 struck a
Saudia Saudia (), formerly known as Saudi Arabian Airlines (), is the flag carrier of Saudi Arabia based in Jeddah. The airline's main hubs are the King Abdulaziz International Airport in Jeddah and the King Khalid International Airport in Riyadh, the ...
Boeing 747 The Boeing 747 is a long-range wide-body aircraft, wide-body airliner designed and manufactured by Boeing Commercial Airplanes in the United States between 1968 and 2023. After the introduction of the Boeing 707, 707 in October 1958, Pan Am ...
in the sky above the village, causing both aircraft to crash into the fields below. The collision resulted in the deaths of all 349 people on board both aircraft. It was the deadliest mid-air collision on record, the deadliest aviation disaster that left no survivors, the deadliest aviation disaster in India, as well as the third-deadliest aviation disaster of all time behind Japan Air Lines Flight 123 and the
Tenerife airport disaster The Tenerife airport disaster occurred on 27 March 1977, when two Boeing 747 passenger jets collided on the runway at Tenerife North–Ciudad de La Laguna Airport, Los Rodeos Airport (now Tenerife North–Ciudad de La Laguna Airport) on the Spa ...
(but excluding the
September 11 attacks The September 11 attacks, also known as 9/11, were four coordinated Islamist terrorist suicide attacks by al-Qaeda against the United States in 2001. Nineteen terrorists hijacked four commercial airliners, crashing the first two into ...
).


Formation of district

Previously in
Bhiwani district Bhiwani district is one of the 22 Districts of Haryana, districts of the northern Indian state of Haryana. Created on 22 December 1972, it was the largest district of the state by area, before the creation of Charkhi Dadri district, Charkhi Dadr ...
, Charkhi Dadri became part of the new Charkhi Dadri district in 2016. According hssc 16 Nov 2016


Historic monuments

There are some historic places in the city which include ''Shyamesar Lake'' and ''Dayal Temple'' to name a few. : Baba Shami Dayal Samadhi and temple:
Most ancient monument in the town is the
Samadhi Statue of a meditating Rishikesh.html" ;"title="Shiva, Rishikesh">Shiva, Rishikesh ''Samādhi'' (Pali and ), in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, is a state of meditative consciousness. In many Indian religious traditions, the cultivati ...
of Baba Shami Dayal, who is Jathera (also called Dhok) of Phogat gotra of Jats, holds an annual fair on 8th day of Bhado month of Hindu Vikram Samvat calendar. : Shyamesar lake:
In 1687 CE during
Aurangzeb Alamgir I (Muhi al-Din Muhammad; 3 November 1618 – 3 March 1707), commonly known by the title Aurangzeb, also called Aurangzeb the Conqueror, was the sixth Mughal emperors, Mughal emperor, reigning from 1658 until his death in 1707, becomi ...
rule, Lala Sita Ram built the Shyamesar lake at the cost of Rs. 100,000. Lala was also mentioned as the treasurer of Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah (r. 1719-48) in the "1904 Phulkian States Gazetteer". : Charkhi Dadri Fort:
In the first half of the 19th century the Nawab of Jhajjar built a fort here which is currently occupied by various government offices. In the second half of 19th century the Jind State built the "Dorothy villa" which is currently being used as the "PWD Rest House". : Dada Ramser Mandir:
This picturesque Khatu Shyam temple is situated between Aravali hills (Shyam hills) of Badrai and Nauranga Bass Jattan villages . Lord Khatu Shyam ( Barbarik) said to have visited and stayed here while going to take part in the battle of Mahabharta.


Demographics

As of the 2001 India
census A census (from Latin ''censere'', 'to assess') is the procedure of systematically acquiring, recording, and calculating population information about the members of a given Statistical population, population, usually displayed in the form of stati ...
, Charkhi Dadri had a population of 44,892. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Charkhi Dadri has an average literacy rate of 70%, higher than the national average of 59.5%, with male literacy of 76% and female literacy of 62%. 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. The major part of the ethnographic spectrum of the population is constituted by Jat people who have come from various neighbouring villages. Next are Ahir who lived here surrounding village from Mahabharat times called
Abhira people The Abhira people (Devanagari: आभीर) were a legendary people mentioned in ancient Indian epics and scriptures. A historical people of the same name are mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. The Mahabharata describes t ...
. Another major community belongs to
Bania (caste) Bania (also spelled Baniya, Banija, Banya, Vaniya, Vani, Vania, and Vanya) is a mercantile caste primarily from the Indian states of Rajasthan and Gujarat, with significant diasporic communities in Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, M ...
, Punjabi who live in clusters in the areas of Subhash Chowk, Kath Mandi, Pahwa Chowk and Ladhan Paana, are also found in great numbers. Saini lives in the majority in Saini Pura, Jhajjar Ghati, Bir Bhairvi earlier known as "Gwadiwala Johar founded by late Nathu Ram Saini under the Peepal tree, age of peepal tree is more than 100 years and now alive and
Brahmin Brahmin (; ) is a ''Varna (Hinduism), varna'' (theoretical social classes) within Hindu society. The other three varnas are the ''Kshatriya'' (rulers and warriors), ''Vaishya'' (traders, merchants, and farmers), and ''Shudra'' (labourers). Th ...
who lives majorly in the concentrated pockets of the old city called ''Chotti Bazari'' and places around ''Anaj mandi''. Nevertheless, the city is a perfect melange with people from other diverse castes and communities as well." People of many ''gotra''s live in Charkhi Dadri, the major ones being Affriya, Dagar, Sultaniya, Lamba, Saini, Sangwan, Sansanwal, Rajotiya, Mahla, Kalkal,
Prajapati Prajapati (, ) is a Vedas, Vedic deity of Hinduism. He is later identified with Brahma, the creator god. Prajapati is a form of the creator-god Brahma, but the name is also the name of many different gods, in many Hindu scriptures, ranging f ...
, Dhangad and Sheoran.


Economy

Charkhi Dadri is the main marketplace for all the surrounding villages and has its own food and grain markets and one Food Corporation of India (FCI) godown. It has many shopping institutions such as the main market and Hira Chowk. Various motor vehicle showrooms are also present here. All this makes Charkhi Dadri a big market for shopping. LOCAL CART app Head Office is located in Charkhi Dadri.


Cement plant

Cement Corporation of India established one of its cement plants in
Haryana Haryana () is a States and union territories of India, state located in the northern part of India. It was carved out after the linguistic reorganisation of Punjab, India, Punjab on 1 November 1966. It is ranked 21st in terms of area, with les ...
. The plant was commissioned in 1982 with an installed capacity of 174,000 tonnes per annum. The process used in the plant was a semi-dry one. The plant is spread across . It functioned for almost 15 years before production was stopped in 1996.


Politics

Chandrawati, Ganpat Rai - Ex-MLA, Hargain Singh Gochwal, Hukam Singh (master) - late Ex-Chief Minister, Kripa Ram Phogat (late) - head of first labour union of Delhi Transport Corporation, Ram Kishan Gupta (late) - Ex-MP and educationalist, are a few prominent politicians. Wrestler Babita Phogat fought the assembly elections from this seat and lost to an independent candidate in 2019. She is a prominent current politician from this area.


Educational institutions

Late Ram Kishan Gupta, then a former parliamentarian founded the Dadri Education Society. There are several educational institutions, including Murari Lal Rasiwasiya Ayurvedic College (MLRAC), KAIM (Kedarnath Aggarwal Institute of Management), and JVMGRR Institute of Computer Applications, in Charkhi Dadri. There are also Apeejay School, DRK Adarsh Vidya Mandir, RED School, Vaish Girls Senior Secondary School, Geeta Niketan and Geetangli.


Notable people

* Vikas Krishan Yadav * Geeta Phogat - wrestler * Master Hukam Singh Former CM of Haryana * Babita Kumari Phogat- wrestler *
Vinesh Phogat Vinesh Phogat (; born 25 August 1994) is an Indian politician and former wrestler, who is a current member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) in Haryana. She won the 2024 assembly election from Julana constituency representing the Indian Nati ...
- wrestler * Ravi Kumar Punia- Football player


References

{{Bhiwani district topics Cities and towns in Charkhi Dadri district