''Charis'' is a genus of the Riodinini

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide use of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. The definition is contested, in part due to conflict ...

of metalmark

butterflies Butterflies are winged insects from the lepidopteran superfamily Papilionoidea, characterized by large, often brightly coloured wings that often fold together when at rest, and a conspicuous, fluttering flight. The oldest butterfly fossi ...

(

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Riodinidae Riodinidae is the family of metalmark butterflies. The common name "metalmarks" refers to the small, metallic-looking spots commonly found on their wings. The 1,532 species are placed in 146 genera. Although mostly Neotropical in distribution, ...

). Nineteen species have been identified within the '' Charis cleonus'' complex (however, further analysis has revised this clade to contain 22 species) and eight species within the '' Charis gynaea'' group (

clade In biology, a clade (), also known as a Monophyly, monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that is composed of a common ancestor and all of its descendants. Clades are the fundamental unit of cladistics, a modern approach t ...

). ''Charis'' butterflies are common in the

Neotropics The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone. Definition In biogeog ...

and often live in primary and secondary growth. The ''Charis cleonus'' group exhibits contemporary parapatric distributions throughout Amazonia and are thought to have speciated allopatrically; residing in "areas of endemism". Some evidence suggests that ''Charis'' (among other Riodininae groups) are reproductively isolated by mating preferences for different

topographic Topography is the study of the forms and features of land surfaces. The topography of an area may refer to the landforms and features themselves, or a description or depiction in maps. Topography is a field of geoscience and planetary scienc ...

areas and different times—of which, may have promoted speciation between the various groups.

Species

*''Charis cleonus'' complex **''Charis major'' subgroup ***'' Charis ma'' Harvey & Hall, 2002 ***'' Charis major'' (Lathy, 1932) ***'' Charis matic'' Harvey & Hall, 2002 **''Charis cleonus'' subgroup ***'' Charis ariquemes'' Harvey & Hall, 2002 ***'' Charis brasilia'' Harvey & Hall, 2002 ***'' Charis breves'' Harvey & Hall, 2002 ***'' Charis cacaulandia'' Harvey & Hall, 2002 ***'' Charis caryatis'' Hewitson, 1866 ***'' Charis cleonus'' (Stoll, 1781) ***'' Charis cuiaba'' Harvey & Hall, 2002 ***'' Charis humaita'' Harvey & Hall, 2002 ***'' Charis ipiranga'' Harvey & Hall, 2002 ***'' Charis iquitos'' Harvey & Hall, 2002 ***'' Charis manicore'' Harvey & Hall, 2002 ***'' Charis manu'' Harvey & Hall, 2002 ***'' Charis maues'' Harvey & Hall, 2002 ***'' Charis negro'' Harvey & Hall, 2002 ***'' Charis palcazu'' Harvey & Hall, 2002 ***'' Charis rocana'' Harvey & Hall, 2002 ***'' Charis santarem'' Harvey & Hall, 2002 ***'' Charis tapajos'' Harvey & Hall, 2002 ***'' Charis tefe'' Harvey & Hall, 2002 *''Charis gynaea'' group **'' Charis barnesi'' Hall & Harvey, 2001 **'' Charis callaghani'' Hall & Harvey, 2001 **'' Charis gallardi'' Hall & Harvey, 2001 **'' Charis gynaea'' (Godart, 1824) **'' Charis nicolayi'' Hall & Harvey, 2001 **'' Charis smalli'' Hall & Harvey, 2001 **'' Charis zama'' Bates, 1868

References

Riodinini Taxa described in 1819 Taxa named by Jacob Hübner Riodinidae of South America {{Riodinidae-stub