Charaxes Bupalus
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''Charaxes bupalus'' is a
butterfly Butterflies are winged insects from the lepidopteran superfamily Papilionoidea, characterized by large, often brightly coloured wings that often fold together when at rest, and a conspicuous, fluttering flight. The oldest butterfly fossi ...
in the
family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
Nymphalidae The Nymphalidae are the largest family of butterflies, with more than 6,000 species distributed throughout most of the world. Belonging to the superfamily Papilionoidea, they are usually medium-sized to large butterflies. Most species ha ...
. It was described by
Otto Staudinger Otto Staudinger (2 May 1830 – 13 October 1900) was a German entomologist and a natural history dealer considered one of the largest in the world specialising in the collection and sale of insects to museums, scientific institutions, and indi ...
in 1889. It is
endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found only in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also foun ...
to
Palawan Palawan (, ), officially the Province of Palawan (; ), is an archipelagic province of the Philippines that is located in the region of Mimaropa. It is the largest province in the country in terms of total area of . The capital and largest c ...
in the
Indomalayan realm The Indomalayan realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms. It extends across most of South and Southeast Asia and into the southern parts of East Asia. Also called the Oriental realm by biogeographers, Indomalaya spreads all over the Ind ...
.


Description

''Charaxes bupalus'' is a large butterfly with coppery rufous uppersides and a broad brown marginal band on the forewings, lined with a white band and coppery red hindwings with a submarginal line of brown spots and a small tail. It was formerly treated as a subspecies of '' C. borneensis''.


Technical description

Males are similar to ''C. borneensis'' males'','' but the band of the forewing above is white, more regular, and sharply limited by the median bars R2-SM2 which stand in a regular, oblique row. Bar R3-M1 is less distal than in borneensis; no postdiscal spots are marked. The hindwing median bars C-R2 are marked, the following one is vestigial, and a little white scaling at bar C-SC2, Postdisco-submarginal patches R1-M1 are larger than in ''borneensis''. The underside is tawny russet, while the postdiscal interspaces are more tawny. The subbasal and submedian bar are much less edged with white than in ''borneensis'', and lines of bars are much more regular. Its forewing has continuous median bars R2-SM2, with or without yellowish white patches at their outer side. The hindwing has median bars SC2-M2 that are nearly continuous and much closer to discal lunules than to submedian bars. The white submarginal spots are linear and heavy, except the third. The admarginal interspaces are pale tawny; while the admarginal line is tawny. The upper tail is 4.5 mm. long, and the second is a short tooth. The forewing spans 44 mm. For females. the upper side forewing has a white discal band, broader than in ''borneensis,'' especially anteriorly. Its median bars SC2 -R2 are within the band, while the interspace between them and the cell is not filled with black. The median bar R3- M1 is close to the cell apex, with white scaling all round. The postdiscal interspaces R1-SM2 are white, partly tinged with tawny, somewhat longer than in ''borneensis.'' Some white scales inhabit the upper angle of cell and at M^ proximally of median bars. The hindwing median bars C- M1 are almost continuous, with a white discal band at the outer sides that is broader than in ''borneensis'', and shades posteriorly into tawny olive. The white scaling anteriorly almost reaches between the veins the black postdisco-submarginal patches and extends distad posteriorly upon the internervular folds. The postdisco-submarginal patches gradually become smaller behind, while the upper two patches are less than twice the size of the following two. Black scaling produced basad appears on veins C-R1. White submarginal spots are linear and heavy. Admarginal interspaces are brighter tawny than in ''borneensis''. Underside, median interspaces are about as dark as in ''borneensis.'' The outer half of the wing is more or less yellowish cinnamon. Postdiscal patches of forewing and outer portions of postdiscal interspaces of hindwing are dark tawny olive. Discal interspaces are more white than in ''borneensis.'' The white colour is more extended. The forewing median bars R2-M1 are continuous, while bar M1-M2 is a more proximal. The hindwing line of median bars C-M2 is less irregular than in ''borneensis'', with the discal interspaces about half the width of the median ones. Admarginal interspaces are dark straw-yellow. White submarginal spots are linear and heavy, all marked. The admarginal line is conspicuous. The upper tail is not distinctly, spatulate. The second tail is longer than in the allied white-banded ''Charaxes'', mostly curved costad as in ''antonius''. The forewing spans 52 mm.Rothschild, W. and Jordan, K. (1898). A monograph of Charaxes and the allied prionopterous genera. Novitates Zoologicae 1900 Volume 7:287-524. Descriptions and plates (monochrome photos).


References


External links


''Charaxes'' Ochsenheimer, 1816
at Markku Savela's ''Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms'' bupalus Butterflies described in 1889 Taxa named by Otto Staudinger Butterflies of Asia Lepidoptera of the Philippines {{nymphalidae-stub