Chandler McCuskey Brooks
   HOME

TheInfoList



Click Here for Items Related To - Chandler McCuskey Brooks
OR:
Chandler McCuskey Brooks on:   [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Amazon]

Dr. Chandler McCuskey Brooks (December 18, 1905 – November 29, 1989) was an American
physiologist Physiology (; ) is the scientific study of functions and mechanisms in a living system. As a subdiscipline of biology, physiology focuses on how organisms, organ systems, individual organs, cells, and biomolecules carry out chemical and ...
notable for his research on the relationships between the central nervous and endocrine systems.New York Times:Chandler Brooks, 83, a Professor Of Physiology and a Researcher;By ALFONSO A. NARVAEZ; December 02, 1989
/ref>National Academies of Science; National Academies Press; Biographical Memoirs: V. 91 (2009);CHANDLER MCCUSKEY BROOKS;BY KIYOMI KOIZUMI AND MARIO VASSALLE
/ref> He was also known for his studies of the
electrophysiology Electrophysiology (from ee the Electron#Etymology, etymology of "electron" ; and ) is the branch of physiology that studies the electrical properties of biological cell (biology), cells and tissues. It involves measurements of voltage change ...
of the
heart The heart is a muscular Organ (biology), organ found in humans and other animals. This organ pumps blood through the blood vessels. The heart and blood vessels together make the circulatory system. The pumped blood carries oxygen and nutrie ...
. Brooks was a member of the
National Academy of Sciences The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) is a United States nonprofit, NGO, non-governmental organization. NAS is part of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, along with the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) and the ...
. He also headed the physiology and
pharmacology Pharmacology is the science of drugs and medications, including a substance's origin, composition, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, therapeutic use, and toxicology. More specifically, it is the study of the interactions that occur betwee ...
departments of the Long Island College of Medicine and a
Guggenheim fellow Guggenheim Fellowships are grants that have been awarded annually since by the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, endowed by the late Simon and Olga Hirsh Guggenheim. These awards are bestowed upon individuals who have demonstrated d ...
(Medicine & Health, 1945). He was a member of the
National Academy of Sciences The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) is a United States nonprofit, NGO, non-governmental organization. NAS is part of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, along with the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) and the ...
.Massachusetts Massachusetts ( ; ), officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Maine to its east, Connecticut and Rhode ...
where he received, in his own account, a mediocre education. That changed when he attended
Oberlin College Oberlin College is a Private university, private Liberal arts colleges in the United States, liberal arts college and conservatory of music in Oberlin, Ohio, United States. Founded in 1833, it is the oldest Mixed-sex education, coeducational lib ...
in Ohio and with subsequent graduate study at
Princeton University Princeton University is a private university, private Ivy League research university in Princeton, New Jersey, United States. Founded in 1746 in Elizabeth, New Jersey, Elizabeth as the College of New Jersey, Princeton is the List of Colonial ...
where he received a Ph.D. in 1931 under Philip Bard.New York Times:Princeton to Erect Memorial Dormitory To Give Employment in Building Trades;January 15, 1932


Career

He followed Bard to
Johns Hopkins University The Johns Hopkins University (often abbreviated as Johns Hopkins, Hopkins, or JHU) is a private university, private research university in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. Founded in 1876 based on the European research institution model, J ...
in 1933. In 1948 he became professor and chairman of the department of Physiology and Pharmacology at the
Long Island College Hospital University Hospital of Brooklyn at Long Island College Hospital (or LICH) was a 506-bed teaching hospital located in the Brooklyn Heights and Cobble Hill neighborhoods of Brooklyn, New York. The hospital was founded in 1858 as Long Island Coll ...
School of Medicine in
Brooklyn Brooklyn is a Boroughs of New York City, borough of New York City located at the westernmost end of Long Island in the New York (state), State of New York. Formerly an independent city, the borough is coextensive with Kings County, one of twelv ...
. Brooks was among the first group of pioneering neuroendocrinologists. In cardiac physiology, Brooks' studies were important in establishing principles that were important in the development of implanted
pacemaker A pacemaker, also known as an artificial cardiac pacemaker, is an implanted medical device that generates electrical pulses delivered by electrodes to one or more of the chambers of the heart. Each pulse causes the targeted chamber(s) to co ...
s. His major works included the study of the
autonomic nervous system The autonomic nervous system (ANS), sometimes called the visceral nervous system and formerly the vegetative nervous system, is a division of the nervous system that operates viscera, internal organs, smooth muscle and glands. The autonomic nervo ...
as well as (in collaboration with John Eccles) the role of
Golgi cell In neuroscience, Golgi cells are the most abundant inhibitory interneurons found within the granular layer of the cerebellum. Golgi cells can be found in the granular layer at various layers. The Golgi cell is essential for controlling the activi ...
in the spinal cord.


Retirement

He retired in 1972, taking up volunteer philanthropic activities. After the death of his wife of fifty years, Brooks became in 1986 a fellow in the Center for Theological Inquiry in Princeton and pursued theological studies. He died in 1989.


References


External links


Kiyomi Koizumi and Mario Vassalle, "Chandler McCuskey Brooks", Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences (2008)
{{DEFAULTSORT:Brooks, Chandler McCuskey 1905 births 1989 deaths American physiologists Johns Hopkins University faculty Princeton University alumni Oberlin College alumni Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences