Chaim Dov Rabinowitz (1909 – April 2001) was a

Lithuania Lithuania (; lt, Lietuva ), officially the Republic of Lithuania ( lt, Lietuvos Respublika, links=no ), is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. Lithuania ...

n born

rabbi A rabbi () is a spiritual leader or religious teacher in Judaism. One becomes a rabbi by being ordained by another rabbi – known as '' semikha'' – following a course of study of Jewish history and texts such as the Talmud. The basic form o ...

who authored a monumental commentary on the Hebrew Bible (''Daat Soferim'') and a history of the Jewish people (''From Nechemia to the Present'').

Biography

Rabinowitz was the son of the rabbi of Isoblin in the Vilna Governorate. He studied under some of the foremost Haredi leaders of the time such as Elchonon Wasserman and Shimon Shkop. Rabinowitz moved to Israel shortly before the World War II (1937) settling in Tel Aviv. There he directed the Ohel Yaakov Talmud Torah, the first Hareidi Talmud Torah in that city. In the aftermath of the war, Rabinowitz was very active on behalf of the immigrants in the transit camps.

Biblical exegesis

Rabinowitz's '' magnum opus'' is ''Daat Sofrim'', a commentary on all of the Hebrew Bible. There are several distinguishing features to this work. The first is his attempt to de-emphasize the negative aspects of ancient Jewish life that appear in the Bible. Rabinowitz in his role of "Defender of Israel" emphasizes that seen within the correct context, and with a proper understanding of the historical background, the negative stories are scarcely as bad as they appear. (See for example his explanation defining the differences between the story of the Levite concubine at Giveah and the story of

Sodom Sodom may refer to: Places Historic * Sodom and Gomorrah, cities mentioned in the Book of Genesis United States * Sodom, Kentucky, a ghost town * Sodom, New York, a hamlet * Sodom, Ohio, an unincorporated community * Sodom, West Virginia, an ...

) A second interesting feature are his (possibly the only Haredi) attempts to resolve some of the issues raised by

biblical criticism Biblical criticism is the use of critical analysis to understand and explain the Bible. During the eighteenth century, when it began as ''historical-biblical criticism,'' it was based on two distinguishing characteristics: (1) the concern to ...

. Thus he identifies the second part of the

Book of Isaiah The Book of Isaiah ( he, ספר ישעיהו, ) is the first of the Latter Prophets in the Hebrew Bible and the first of the Major Prophets in the Christian Old Testament. It is identified by a superscription as the words of the 8th-century BC ...

as possibly being written by a different author based on an oral tradition from Isaiah.

History

Rabinowitz, in his volume on history, (''From Nechemia to the Present'') emphasizes that the study of history in and of itself is a waste of time. One must focus to a large degree on the moral lessons inherent in the history. In line with this each chapter is divided into two sections. The first section is a brief overview of the period under discussion. The second is an in depth discussion, in question and answer form, on the difficult aspects of history. For example, he questions what led the Jews to leave a relatively peaceful life in Iraq for the more difficult, anti-semitic countries in Europe. At all opportunities Rabinowitz demonstrates what he sees as the "hand of G-d" directing the course of history.

Sources

For the

Second Temple The Second Temple (, , ), later known as Herod's Temple, was the reconstructed Temple in Jerusalem between and 70 CE. It replaced Solomon's Temple, which had been built at the same location in the United Kingdom of Israel before being inherited ...

and Geonic period, Rabinowitz largely quotes the opinion of

Yitzchok Isaac Halevy Yitzchok is a given name, derived from the Yiddish pronunciation of the Hebrew name for Isaac, one of the patriarchs of the Israelites. Notable people with the name include: * Yitzchok Adlerstein, American rabbi * Yitzchok Breiter, Polish Ukrainian ...

although he frequently disagrees with his interpretation of events. This period is also based on the writings of Josephus and the Talmud. He also makes use of the historians Ze'ev Jawitz and Heinrich Graetz, and occasionally cites '' Encyclopaedia Judaica'' as well. Rabinowitz presents an idiosyncratic Jewish Orthodox picture of history. For example, as opposed to the typical Haredi viewpoint that Moses Mendelssohn caused the assimilation of German Jewry, Rabinowitz writes that Mendelssohn's work was in fact very similar to that of the founder of neo-orthodoxy Samson Raphael Hirsch and that assimilation was mostly a result of the challenges of the

Enlightenment Enlightenment or enlighten may refer to: Age of Enlightenment * Age of Enlightenment, period in Western intellectual history from the late 17th to late 18th century, centered in France but also encompassing (alphabetically by country or culture): ...

. In his discussions he analyses several social issues that were improperly or insufficiently remedied in the past. For instance, he expresses astonishment that the issue of education for Jewish girls was so long ignored given the obvious need for such an institution. His works bear approbations from most of the leading Haredi rabbis of his time including: Yaakov Kamenetsky, Moshe Feinstein, the Lubavitcher Rebbe and many others.

Partial bibliography

* ''Daat Soferim'' commentary on the Hebrew Bible (Heb. with an English translation available) * ''From Nechemia to the Present'' (Heb. with an English translation available) * A guide to teaching the early prophets (Heb.) * Recollections (Heb.) - Description of the pre-war Lithuanian Jewish yeshiva world

References

https://hebrewbooks.org/39781, http://www.chareidi.org/archives5761/achrei/ACHarabinowitz.htm

External links