Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant (, abbreviated , ) also known as CTZ-Uraltrak (''ЧТЗ-УРАЛТРАК'') is a tractor construction plant in the Russian city of

Chelyabinsk Chelyabinsk; , is the administrative center and largest types of inhabited localities in Russia, city of Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia. It is the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, seventh-largest city in Russia, with a population ...

History

The Chelyabinsk Tractor plant was a project of the

first five-year plan First five-year plan may refer to: * First five-year plan (China) * First Five-Year Plans (Pakistan) * First five-year plan (Soviet Union) The first five-year plan (, ) of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a list of economi ...

. The plant was founded in 1933; the first product was a 60 hp tracked tractor C-60 (''Сталинец-60'', ''Stalinets-60'') fueled by

petroleum ether Petroleum ether is the petroleum fraction consisting of aliphatic hydrocarbons and boiling in the range 35–60 °C, and commonly used as a laboratory solvent. Despite the name, petroleum ether is not an ether; the term is used only figurativ ...

(Benzine). In 1937 the factory produced its first diesel-powered vehicle C-65 (''Сталинец-65'', ''Stalinets-65''). By 1940 the plant had produced 100,000 tractors. During

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

seven other industrial entities (including most of Leningrad's

Kirov Plant The Kirov Plant, Kirov factory or Leningrad Kirov plant (LKZ) () is a major Russian mechanical engineering and agricultural machinery manufacturing plant in St. Petersburg, Russia. It was established in 1789, then moved to its present site in 1801 ...

and 15,000 of its workers) were either wholly or partially relocated to Chelyabinsk, the resulting enterprise commonly known as "Танкоград" ('Tankograd', or 'Tank City'). The work force increased to 60,000 workers by 1944, from 25,000 during non-military production; during the conflict the works produced 18,000 tanks, and 48,500 tank diesel engines as well as over 17 million units of ammunition. Production included the

KV tank The Kliment Voroshilov (KV; ) tanks are a series of Soviet heavy tanks named after the Soviet defence commissar and politician Kliment Voroshilov who operated with the Red Army during World War II. The KV tanks were known for their heavy armour ...

from 1941,

T-34 The T-34 is a Soviet medium tank from World War II. When introduced, its 76.2 mm (3 in) tank gun was more powerful than many of its contemporaries, and its 60-degree sloped armour provided good protection against Anti-tank warfare, ...

tank from 1942, KV-85 tank and IS tanks from 1943, and

T-34/85 The T-34 is a Soviet medium tank from World War II. When introduced, its 76.2 mm (3 in) tank gun was more powerful than many of its contemporaries, and its 60-degree sloped armour provided good protection against anti-tank weapons. ...

tank and

SU-85 The SU-85 ('' Samokhodnaya ustanovka'' 85) was a Soviet self-propelled gun used during World War II, based on the chassis of the T-34 medium tank. Earlier Soviet self-propelled guns were meant to serve as either assault guns, such as the SU-122, ...

self-propelled field gun from 1944 By 1945 the plant had been awarded the

Order of Kutuzov The Order of Kutuzov ( ''orden Kutuzova'') is a military decoration of the Russian Federation named after famous Russian Field Marshal Mikhail Kutuzov, Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov (1745–1813). The Order was established during World War II t ...

, 1st Class, the

Order of Lenin The Order of Lenin (, ) was an award named after Vladimir Lenin, the leader of the October Revolution. It was established by the Central Executive Committee on 6 April 1930. The order was the highest civilian decoration bestowed by the Soviet ...

, the

Order of the Red Star The Order of the Red Star () was a military decoration of the Soviet Union. It was established by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 6 April 1930 but its statute was only defined in decree of the Presidium of the ...

, and other honours for its efforts in helping to defeat Nazi Germany. Post World War II conventional tractor production resumed with the С-80 (''Сталинец-80'', ''Stalinets-80'') entering serial production in 1946. The plant reverted to its original name of Chelyabinsk Tractor factory in 1958. In 1961 a tractor with diesel electric transmission entered production: DET-250 (''ДЭТ-250''). The millionth tractor from CTZ was produced in 1984. In 1990 a tractor with a hydromechanical transmission system entered production (T-10). In 2008 the company acquired 100% of amphibious tracked machine building company "Vityaz" (Витязь); both are now part of the

Uralvagonzavod UralVagonZavod () is a Russian machine-building company located in Nizhny Tagil, Russia. It is one of the largest scientific and industrial complexes in Russia and the largest main battle tank manufacturer in the world. Etymology The name ''У� ...

holding group which Uraltrak established in association with other companies. By 8 May 2022, due to sanctions imposed after the

2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine On 24 February 2022, , starting the largest and deadliest war in Europe since World War II, in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, conflict between the two countries which began in 2014. The fighting has caused hundreds of thou ...

United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...

officials claimed that Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant's tank production had halted, had been made “idle,” due to a lack of imported parts. However the factory claims to have fulfilled an order for an unspecified number of diesel engines in December 2022. In 2023, the factory itself was sanctioned by the United States and Ukraine due to its supply of engines to Russian troops for military equipment. On 26 November 2023, an explosion occurred at the plant, causing a "severe fire".

Operations and products

The organisation includes foundry and forging facilities, metal engineering facilities (CNC, lathes, heat treatment) as well as construction and assembly workshops. As of 2011, Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant produces wheeled and tracked tractors and related modified vehicles, and related parts, as well as tractor engines up to ~ and tank engines up to like th

T-14 The T-14 Armata (; industrial designation ) is a Russian fourth-generation main battle tank (MBT) based on the Armata Universal Combat Platform. The Russian Army initially planned to acquire 2,300 T-14s between 2015 and 2020. By 2018, product ...

12N360 The 12N360 (; other designations are A-85-3A or 2V-12-3A) diesel engine is a Russian four-stroke diesel engine produced by the Chelyabinsk Engine Plant. The water-cooled twelve-cylinder X-engine with direct injection was developed to power the A ...

. Since 2010 the company has manufactured fork lifts under license from Bulgarian company ''Balkancar Record'', The company also produces road tanker vehicles, semi-trailers and pipe installation road vehicles.

Subsidiaries

Since 2008 Machine engineering company 'Vityaz' (''Машиностроительная компания "Витязь"'') has been a subsidiary of CTZ-Uraltrak. The company produces the Vityaz line of tracked all-terrain vehicles with amphibious capabilities.

Historical products

Notes

References

External links

Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant official site

Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant official site

JSC Machine-building Company «Vityaz» company website
''www.bolotohod.ru'' *
abstract

Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant, Photographs, Albert Kahn Associates, 1930s

Canadian Centre for Architecture The Canadian Centre for Architecture (CCA; ) is a Architecture museum, museum of architecture and research centre in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is located at 1920, rue Baile (1920, Baile Street), between rue Fort (Fort Street) and rue Saint-Ma ...

digitized items
{{Coord, 55, 09, 20, N, 61, 28, 24, E, region:RU, display=title Russian brands Soviet brands Manufacturing companies of the Soviet Union Defence companies of the Soviet Union Companies based in Chelyabinsk Uralvagonzavod Construction and civil engineering companies of Russia