The Cesnola Sphinx Funerary Stele is a Classic Greek

funerary stela A stele ( ) or stela ( )The plural in English is sometimes stelai ( ) based on direct transliteration of the Greek, sometimes stelae or stelæ ( ) based on the inflection of Greek nouns in Latin, and sometimes anglicized to steles ( ) or stela ...

dating to the last quarter of the 5th century B.C. It is part of the Cesnola Collection of the

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, a sub-section of the Department of Greek and Roman Art, named after the first director of the MET, Luigi Palma di Cesnola, whose collection is considered the museum's earliest and inaugural acquisition upon opening in

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in 1880. Consisting of well over 6000 pieces, shipped on 275 crates, the stele, along with the collection served as a cornerstone for the study of Cypriot art, a crossroads of Assyrian, Phoenician,

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, and

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influences.

Background and provenance

Luigi Palma di Cesnola was a

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recipient in the

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, with extensive military history in Europe as well. His post-military career posted him as American Consul to

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in 1865, where he conducted extensive excavations throughout the island. The funerary stele was catalogued in 1874 and was officially acquired by the museum in 1874–1876. A report from 1907 about its restoration indicated that a restorationist who partnered with Cesnola, Charles Balliard, attempted to restore the missing head of the sphinx on the left with a head found right close by in situ of the cemetery, but it was subsequently deemed not a match to the stele. The stele is catalogued as ''Cesnola No. 470, Myres 1413,'' and subsequently by its MET acquisition number 74.51.2499.

Description

The sculpture consist of two sphinxes, with the left missing its head. Found in fragments initially, the stele was broken from side to side, along with the forelegs, which were subsequently repaired. The lower portion is decorated with a frieze of palmettes, egg, and dart, characteristic of 5th century BC style, with portions of the stele maintaining its original polychromy with red-brown pigment. Both sphinxes are faced back to back, gazing out in three-quarters perspective. The intact sphinx has its hair intact and long, pulled back on the sides, but covering her ears, and wears a crown consisting of circles and merlons, the back of the stele is roughed out with its bottom half broken off. The sphinx motif on the stele indicates its prominence in cult objects, as prior to the stele's approximate creation, in the mid 5th century BC, the depiction was also seen in the Amathus sarcophagus, considered the most significant object in the Cesnola collection alongside the stele, famous for its preserved polychromy.

References

{{Metropolitan Museum of Art Ancient Cyprus Sculptures in the Metropolitan Museum of Art Sarcophagi 5th-century BC artifacts 5th-century BC Greek sculptures 1874 archaeological discoveries Archaeological discoveries in Cyprus