Cerium(IV) hydroxide, also known as ceric hydroxide, is an
inorganic compound
In chemistry, an inorganic compound is typically a chemical compound that lacks carbon–hydrogen bonds, that is, a compound that is not an organic compound. The study of inorganic compounds is a subfield of chemistry known as '' inorganic chemi ...
with the chemical formula Ce(OH)
4. It is a yellowish powder that is insoluble in water but soluble in concentrated acids.
Production
Cerium(IV) hydroxide can be produced by reacting
cerium(III) carbonate
Cerium(III) carbonate Ce2(CO3)3, is the salt formed by cerium(III) cations and carbonate anions. Its pure form was not yet confirmed to exist in the nature, but Ce-bearing carbonates (mainly bastnäsite group) stand for an ore of cerium metal, al ...
and
acetic acid
Acetic acid , systematically named ethanoic acid , is an acidic, colourless liquid and organic compound with the chemical formula (also written as , , or ). Vinegar is at least 4% acetic acid by volume, making acetic acid the main componen ...
, then
oxidizing
Redox (reduction–oxidation, , ) is a type of chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of substrate change. Oxidation is the loss of electrons or an increase in the oxidation state, while reduction is the gain of electrons or a d ...
it with
hydrogen peroxide
Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound with the formula . In its pure form, it is a very pale blue liquid that is slightly more viscous than water. It is used as an oxidizer, bleaching agent, and antiseptic, usually as a dilute solution (3% ...
in base. The reactions are:
: Ce
2(CO
3)
3 + 6 CH
3COOH → 2 Ce(CH
3COO)
3 + 3 CO
2↑ + 3 H
2O
: 2 Ce(CH
3COO)
3 + 3 H
2O
2 + 4 H
2O → 2 Ce(OH)
3(OOH) + 6 CH
3COOH
: CH
3COOH + NaOH → CH
3COONa + H
2O
: 2 Ce(OH)
3(OOH) → 2 Ce(OH)
4↓ + O
2↑
The net equation is：
: Ce
2(CO
3)
3 + 6 CH
3COOH + 3 H
2O
2 + 6 NaOH —
343 K→ 2 Ce(OH)
4 + 6 CH
3COONa + O
2↑ + 3 CO
2↑ + 5 H
2O
If using
cerium(III) nitrate
Cerium nitrate refers to a family of nitrates of cerium in the +3 or +4 oxidation state. Often these compounds contain water, hydroxide, or hydronium ions in addition to cerium and nitrate. Double nitrates of cerium also exist.
Cerium(III) nitra ...
as ingredient, a similar reaction occurs:
[李月红，李树胜，方中心. 高纯氢氧化铈生产工艺研究. 无机盐工业. 2011.9. 43(9): 40-42]
: 2 Ce(NO
3)
3 + 3 H
2O
2 + 6 NH
3·H
2O → 2 Ce(OH)
3(OOH)↓ + 6 NH
4NO
3 + 2 H
2O
: Ce(OH)
3(OOH) —
Δ→ 2 Ce(OH)
4↓ + O
2↑
It might also prepared by addition of sodium hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide to a Ce
4+ solution, being obtained as a gelatinous precipitate described as CeO
2·xH
2O, (x = 0.5–2). Boiling an insoluble Ce
4+ salt in NaOH gives granular Ce(OH)
4.
References
{{hydroxides
Cerium(IV) compounds
Hydroxides