''Cephalanthera'', abbreviated Ceph in horticultural trade, is a genus of mostly terrestrial

orchid Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Along with the Asteraceae, they are one of the two largest families of flowering ...

s. Members of this genus have rhizomes rather than

tuber Tubers are a type of enlarged structure used as storage organs for nutrients in some plants. They are used for the plant's perennation (survival of the winter or dry months), to provide energy and nutrients for regrowth during the next growin ...

s. About 15 species are currently recognized, most of them native to Europe and Asia.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
/ref> The only species found in the wild in North America is ''

Cephalanthera austiniae ''Cephalanthera austiniae'' is a species of orchid known as the phantom orchid and snow orchid because the entire plant is white except for a few yellow markings on the flowers. The orchid is native to the western United States (California, Oreg ...

'', the phantom orchid or snow orchid.Flora of North America v 26 p 584, ''Cephalanthera austiniae''
/ref>Biota of North America Program
/ref> Ecologically, this species is partially

myco-heterotrophic Myco-heterotrophy (from Greek μύκης , "fungus", ἕτερος ', "another", "different" and τροφή ', "nutrition") is a symbiotic relationship between certain kinds of plants and fungi, in which the plant gets all or part of its food fr ...

. Some of the Eurasian species hybridise. Several of the European species have common names including the word "helleborine", though orchids in other genera are also called helleborines. In addition to those listed here, very large numbers of other specific names will be found in the older literature, but these are almost all

synonym A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means exactly or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in the English language, the words ''begin'', ''start'', ''commence'', and ''initiate'' are al ...

s for the best known species such as ''C. longifolia'' or ''C. damasonium'', the European white helleborine. Species accepted as of May 2014 are: *'' Cephalanthera alpicola'' Fukuy. - Taiwan *''

'' (A.Gry) Heller - British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, California *'' Cephalanthera calcarata'' Chen & Lang - Yunnan *'' Cephalanthera caucasica'' Krzl. - Iran, southern European Russia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Republic of Georgia *'' Cephalanthera cucullata'' Boiss. & Heldr. - Crete *''

Cephalanthera damasonium ''Cephalanthera damasonium'', the white helleborine, is a species of orchid. It is widespread across much of Europe, the Middle East and Asia. ''Cephalanthera damasonium'' is the type species of the genus '' Cephalanthera''. Description ''Cepha ...

'' (Mill.) Druce - Europe and the Middle East from England and Sweden to Russia and Iran; also Bhutan, India, Myanmar and Yunnan *'' Cephalanthera epipactoides'' Fischer & C. A. Meyer - Greece, Turkey *''

Cephalanthera erecta ''Cephalanthera erecta'' , the erect cephalanthera (Japanese: ''gin-ran'', the "silver orchid", and Chinese: ''yin lan''), is a species of terrestrial orchid. It is found in China, Japan, Korea, Kuril Islands, Bhutan, Assam and eastern Himalayas. ...

'' (Thunb.) Blume - China, Japan, Korea, Kuril Islands, Bhutan, Assam, eastern Himalayas *'' Cephalanthera ericiflora'' Szlach. & Mytnik - Laos *'' Cephalanthera exigua'' Seidenf. - Laos, Thailand *''

Cephalanthera falcata ''Cephalanthera falcata'', the golden orchid, is a species of orchid. It is native to Japan, Korea, and China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan). References External links * * falc ...

'' (Thunb.) Blume - China, Japan, Korea *'' Cephalanthera gracilis'' S.C.Chen & G.H.Zhu - Yunnan *'' Cephalanthera humilis'' X.H.Jin - Yunnan *'' Cephalanthera kotschyana'' Renz & Taub. - Turkey, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Republic of Georgia *'' Cephalanthera kurdica'' Bornm. ex Kraenzl. - Turkey, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Republic of Georgia, Iran, Iraq, southern European Russia *'' Cephalanthera longibracteata'' Blume - China, Japan, Korea, Russian Far East *''

Cephalanthera longifolia ''Cephalanthera longifolia'', the narrow-leaved helleborine, sword-leaved helleborine or long-leaved helleborine, is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial plant in the family Orchidaceae. It is native to light woodland, and widespread across Europ ...

'' (L.) Fritsch - widespread across Europe, Asia and north Africa from Ireland and Morocco to China *'' Cephalanthera × mayeri'' (E.Mayer & Zimmerm.) A.Camus in E.G.Camus & A.A.Camus - Germany ''(C. damasonium × C. rubra)'' *'' Cephalanthera nanchuanica'' (S.C.Chen) X.H.Jin & X.G.Xiang - Sichuan *'' Cephalanthera × otto-hechtii'' G.Keller in G.Keller & al. - Austria, Switzerland ''(C. longifolia × C. rubra)'' *'' Cephalanthera pusilla'' (Hook.f.) Seidenf. - Myanmar, China *'' Cephalanthera × renzii'' B.Baumann & al.. - Azerbaijan ''(C. caucasica × C. longifolia) *'' Cephalanthera rubra'' (L.) Rich. - Europe, North Africa and southwest Asia from England, Spain and Morocco to Russia and Iran *'' Cephalanthera × schaberi'' Baum. - European Turkey ''(C. epipactoides × C. longifolia)'' *''

Cephalanthera × schulzei ''Cephalanthera'', abbreviated Ceph in horticultural trade, is a genus of mostly terrestrial orchids. Members of this genus have rhizomes rather than tubers. About 15 species are currently recognized, most of them native to Europe and Asia. The o ...

'' E.G.Camus in E.G.Camus, P.Bergon & A.A.Camus - Austria, Germany, France, Turkey, the former Yugoslavia ''(C. damasonium × C. longifolia)'' *''

Cephalanthera × taubenheimii ''Cephalanthera'', abbreviated Ceph in horticultural trade, is a genus of mostly terrestrial orchids. Members of this genus have rhizomes rather than tubers. About 15 species are currently recognized, most of them native to Europe and Asia. The ...

'' H.Baumann - Turkey ''(C. damasonium × C. kotschyana)''

References

External links

Jepson Manual Treatment
{{Taxonbar, from=Q162001 Neottieae genera