A ''centro de transferencia modal'' (English: Modal Transfer Center; abbreviated as CETRAM), is a type of

transport hub A transport hub is a place where passengers and cargo are exchanged between vehicles and/or between mode of transport, transport modes. Public transport hubs include train station, railway stations, metro station, rapid transit stations, bus ...

found mainly in Mexico City. Locally known as ''paraderos'' (English: bus or rail terminal stops), these

intermodal passenger transport Intermodal passenger transport, also called mixed-mode commuting, involves using two or more mode of transport, modes of transportation in a journey. Mixed-mode commuting is often used to combine the strengths (and offset the weaknesses) of va ...

stations allow commuters to transfer between different modes of public transit, generally between rail and bus systems. In Mexico City, their operations are supervised by Organismo Regulador de Transporte (ORT). Since 14 December 2010, the hubs became part of a decentralized organization. Out of the 40 operative CETRAMs existing in the city, 33 are found adjacent to

Mexico City Metro The Mexico City Metro () is a rapid transit system that serves Greater Mexico City, the metropolitan area of Mexico City, including some municipalities in the State of Mexico. Operated by the Sistema de Transporte Colectivo (STC), it is the Lis ...

stations. Outside the city, they are also found in

Guadalajara Guadalajara ( ; ) is the capital and the most populous city in the western Mexican List of states of Mexico, state of Jalisco, as well as the most densely populated municipality in Jalisco. According to the 2020 census, the city has a population ...

Jalisco Jalisco, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Jalisco, is one of the 31 states which, along with Mexico City, comprise the 32 Political divisions of Mexico, Federal Entities of Mexico. It is located in western Mexico and is bordered by s ...

(known as ; Multimodal Transfer Center), and in the

State of Mexico The State of Mexico, officially just Mexico, is one of the 32 federal entities of the United Mexican States. Colloquially known as Edomex (from , the abbreviation of , and ), to distinguish it from the name of the whole country, it is the mo ...

, where they are known as (English: Modal Transfer Station; abbreviated as ETRAM).

History

The hubs were created in 1969 to complement the

system. They were originally operated by the system. Around 1970, as a result of the construction of intercity bus terminals and highways, bus stops and routes began to proliferate, thanks to the opening of new Metro stations. At the beginning of 1980, with the increase in the demand for transportation, the proliferation of ''

pesero A pesero, combi, van, micro or microbús is a form of public transport, most commonly seen in Mexico City. Its name derives from the fact that in the beginning of this form of transport a flat fee of one peso was charged per ride (hence the nam ...

s'' –

share taxi A share taxi, shared taxi, taxibus, or jitney or dollar van in the US, or marshrutka in former Soviet countries, is a mode of transport which falls between a taxicab and a bus. Share taxis are a form of paratransit. They are vehicles for hire and ...

s– began to proliferate. In 1983, the General Coordination of Transportation was created. In 1993, the control of the bus stops remained in the hands of the political delegations, but the following year the control passed to the General Coordination of Transportation. In 1995, it was renamed the Secretariat of Transportation and Roads (SETRAVI) (and later was renamed the Secretariat of Mobility or SEMOVI). SETRAVI was created as a result of the economic crisis of that year. Due to the dissolution of the state-owned company Autotransportes Urbanos de Pasajeros Ruta 100 (colloquially known as ), it was decided to grant the transportation concession to private companies, thus decreeing a Transportation Law. Between 1996 and 2002, the control of the CETRAMs changes from one agency to another within SETRAVI, until it ends up being administered by the General Directorate of Transportation Regulation. By 14 December 2010, the CETRAMs were decentralized and their operations were transferred to the Organismo Regulador de Transporte (ORT). Since its decentralization, multiple CETRAMs have been renovated, including those at Cuatro Caminos and Ciudad Azteca stations, or are under renovations, including at Indios Verdes,

San Lázaro San Lázaro is a town in the Concepción department of Paraguay. Located 660 km from Asunción and 190 km from departmental capital Concepción, its population was 9060 in 2002. Located at the confluence of rivers Paraguay and Apa. Th ...

and

Martín Carrera Antonio Martín Mariano Carrera Sabat (20 December 1806 – 22 April 1871) was a Mexican general, senator, and interim president of the country for about a month in 1855. He was a moderate Liberal. Martin Carrera was a Mexican soldier and poli ...

stations.

List of modal transfer centers

Gallery

File:Metro Buenavista 02.JPG, CETRAM Buenavista File:Estacio El Rosario 04.jpg, CETRAM El Rosario File:Metro Indios Verdes 02.JPG, CETRAM Indios Verdes File:Estacion La Raza 03.jpg, CETRAM La Raza File:MetroPantitlanTerminalLAandL9 (2).JPG, CETRAM Pantitlán File:Metro San Lazaro 07.JPG, CETRAM San Lázaro File:Metro Santa Marta 05.JPG, CETRAM Santa Marta File:Metro Tasqueña 04.JPG, CETRAM Tasqueña File:Metro Universidad 17.jpg, CETRAM Universidad File:Metro Zapata 08.jpg, CETRAM Zapata File:CETRAM Cuautitlán (48555434662 b20c53367a o).jpg, ETRAM Cuautitlán File:Estación San Rafael - Terminal.JPG, ETRAM San Rafael

Notes

References

External links

* {{authority control Transportation in Mexico City