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Walter T. Brown (born August 1937) is an American engineer, author, and
young Earth creationist Young Earth creationism (YEC) is a form of creationism which holds as a central tenet that the Earth and its lifeforms were created by supernatural acts of the Abrahamic God between about 10,000 and 6,000 years ago, contradicting established ...
who is the director of his own ministry called the Center for Scientific Creation. ''
The Skeptic's Dictionary ''The Skeptic's Dictionary'' is a collection of cross-referenced skeptical essays by Robert Todd Carroll, published on his website skepdic.com and in a printed book. The skepdic.com site was launched in 1994 and the book was published in 2003 ...
'' considers him to be one of the leaders of the
creation science Creation science or scientific creationism is a pseudoscientific form of Young Earth creationism which claims to offer scientific arguments for certain literalist and inerrantist interpretations of the Bible. It is often presented without ov ...
movement. He proposes a specific version of
flood geology Flood geology (also creation geology or diluvial geology) is a Pseudoscience, pseudoscientific attempt to interpret and reconcile :geology, geological features of the Earth in accordance with a literal belief in the Genesis flood narrative, th ...
called the Hydroplate Theory.


Biography

Brown attended the
United States Military Academy The United States Military Academy (USMA), commonly known as West Point, is a United States service academies, United States service academy in West Point, New York that educates cadets for service as Officer_(armed_forces)#United_States, comm ...
, where he received a
Bachelor of Science A Bachelor of Science (BS, BSc, B.S., B.Sc., SB, or ScB; from the Latin ') is a bachelor's degree that is awarded for programs that generally last three to five years. The first university to admit a student to the degree of Bachelor of Scienc ...
, then earned a
Ph.D. A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, DPhil; or ) is a terminal degree that usually denotes the highest level of academic achievement in a given discipline and is awarded following a course of graduate study and original research. The name of the deg ...
in
mechanical engineering Mechanical engineering is the study of physical machines and mechanism (engineering), mechanisms that may involve force and movement. It is an engineering branch that combines engineering physics and engineering mathematics, mathematics principl ...
from the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a Private university, private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Established in 1861, MIT has played a significant role in the development of many areas of moder ...
in 1967. He served as an officer in the
United States military The United States Armed Forces are the Military, military forces of the United States. U.S. United States Code, federal law names six armed forces: the United States Army, Army, United States Marine Corps, Marine Corps, United States Navy, Na ...
until he retired in 1980."About the Author," ''Center for Scientific Creation'', ''In the Beginning: Compelling Evidence for Creation and the Flood (7th ed.)'' Retired Air Force full colonel, West Pont graduate, and former Army Ranger and Paratrooper
online edition
. Accessed 27 December 2007.
Since retiring from the military, Brown has been the director of his "Center for Scientific Creation" and has done his own research, writing, and speaking on origins theory. In 1998, Brown was appointed to a committee reviewing Arizona's state science standards. Evolution was retained in the Arizona state science standards after a final decision in August 1998.


Creationist

In Brown's ''In the Beginning: Compelling Evidence for Creation and the Flood'' he suggests evidence exists against
evolution Evolution is the change in the heritable Phenotypic trait, characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. It occurs when evolutionary processes such as natural selection and genetic drift act on genetic variation, re ...
and for
creation science Creation science or scientific creationism is a pseudoscientific form of Young Earth creationism which claims to offer scientific arguments for certain literalist and inerrantist interpretations of the Bible. It is often presented without ov ...
and
flood geology Flood geology (also creation geology or diluvial geology) is a Pseudoscience, pseudoscientific attempt to interpret and reconcile :geology, geological features of the Earth in accordance with a literal belief in the Genesis flood narrative, th ...
(including hydroplates). It is divided into three sections, the first of which explores discoveries made by scientists that do not fit the theory of
evolution Evolution is the change in the heritable Phenotypic trait, characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. It occurs when evolutionary processes such as natural selection and genetic drift act on genetic variation, re ...
. The second section outlines various alternate explanations to geological and astronomical subjects such as the
mid-oceanic ridge A mid-ocean ridge (MOR) is a seafloor mountain system formed by plate tectonics. It typically has a depth of about and rises about above the deepest portion of an ocean basin. This feature is where seafloor spreading takes place along a ...
and
comet A comet is an icy, small Solar System body that warms and begins to release gases when passing close to the Sun, a process called outgassing. This produces an extended, gravitationally unbound atmosphere or Coma (cometary), coma surrounding ...
s, which Brown states evolutionary science cannot explain. The final section presents a variety of other questions encountered in the
creation–evolution controversy Recurring cultural, political, and theological rejection of evolution by religious groups exists regarding the origins of the Earth, of humanity, and of other life. In accordance with creationism, species were once widely believed to be fixed ...
. In 1989, the Creation/Evolution journal of the National Center for Science Education published a critique of Brown's theory.
Jim Lippard James Joseph Lippard (born 1965) is an American skeptic and activist freethinker.Lippard, Jim"Publications and Appearances"(bibliography)''discord.org''.Accessed July 13, 2009. Archived fro/ref> Lippard works for Global Crossing as its head of ...
, graduate student of philosophy begins with a criticism focusing primarily on fossil evidence of
human evolution ''Homo sapiens'' is a distinct species of the hominid family of primates, which also includes all the great apes. Over their evolutionary history, humans gradually developed traits such as Human skeletal changes due to bipedalism, bipedalism, de ...
. Brown addressed several of Lippard's points in his response, and three further articles were printed: Lippard, Brown, and ending with Lippard, where he asserts that Brown made serious errors, including using "mistaken claims about what others have written." The series of articles does not discuss Brown's hydroplates, apart from Brown's claim that Lippard "dismisses or ignores the bulk of the book and specifically addresses only a very small fraction of its substance." Robert T. Pennock has described Brown's position as being typical, other than the unique feature of his hydroplates hypothesis, of young-earth creationist's explaining all major terrestrial features in terms of a catastrophic
Biblical flood The Genesis flood narrative (chapters 6–9 of the Book of Genesis) is a Hebrew flood myth. It tells of God's decision to return the universe to its pre- creation state of watery chaos and remake it through the microcosm of Noah's ark. The Bo ...
.


Hydroplate theory

The most distinctive feature of Brown's theories, compared to other creationist theories, are the hydroplates. He claims that, prior to the Flood of Noah, there was an enormous amount of water underneath the crust of the Earth, and that this water pressurizing, shattering the crust, and breaking it into plates was both part of the Flood and created the continental plates that mainstream geology associates with plate tectonics. Because the plates are, in this theory, formed by the action of water, he calls them "hydroplates" and gives their name to the theory.


Reception

Walt Brown has had contentious relations with other creationist organizations.''More on Walter Brown's debate offer''
Jim Foley Jim Foley (born October 27, 1946) is a former award-winning slotback in the Canadian Football League. He was drafted by the Montreal Alouettes in the 1970 CFL College Draft, winning the CFL's Rookie of the Year Award in 1971, and later won th ...
, TalkOrigins, September 30, 2004
The
young earth creationist Young Earth creationism (YEC) is a form of creationism which holds as a central tenet that the Earth and its lifeforms were created by supernatural acts of the Abrahamic God between about 10,000 and 6,000 years ago, contradicting established ...
organization,
Answers in Genesis Answers in Genesis (AiG) is an American fundamentalist Christian apologetics parachurch organization. It advocates young Earth creationism on the basis of its literal, historical-grammatical interpretation of the Book of Genesis and the Bib ...
has a standing offer to Brown to publish some of his material in their journals but Brown has declined. The
old earth creationist Old Earth Creationism (OEC) is an umbrella of theological views encompassing certain varieties of creationism which may or can include day-age creationism, gap creationism, progressive creationism, and sometimes theistic evolution. Broadly s ...
organization,
Answers in Creation Old Earth Creationism (OEC) is an umbrella of theological views encompassing certain varieties of creationism which may or can include day-age creationism, gap creationism, progressive creationism, and sometimes theistic evolution. Broadly speaki ...
has published material rebutting Brown's hydroplate theory. The
Christian A Christian () is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, a Monotheism, monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus in Christianity, Jesus Christ. Christians form the largest religious community in the wo ...
American Scientific Affiliation The American Scientific Affiliation (ASA) is a Christian religious organization of scientists and people in science-related disciplines. The stated purpose is "to investigate any area relating Christian faith and science." The organization publi ...
website features a video critical of Brown's video "God's Power and Scripture's Authority" by Steven H. Schimmrich of
Kutztown University of Pennsylvania Kutztown University of Pennsylvania (Kutztown University or KU) is a public university in Kutztown, Pennsylvania. It is part of the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education (PASSHE) and is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher ...
. Brown has stated that no "
evolutionist Evolutionism is a term used (often derogatorily) to denote the theory of evolution. Its exact meaning has changed over time as the study of evolution has progressed. In the 19th century, it was used to describe the belief that organisms deliberat ...
" will publicly debate with him, but has been accused by opponents of complicating such debates. An abortive attempt at such a debate was held in 1989 and 1990 in the pages of Creation/Evolution, the
National Center for Science Education The National Center for Science Education (NCSE) is a Nonprofit organization, not-for-profit membership organization in the United States whose stated mission is to educate the press and the public on the scientific and educational aspects of con ...
journal, before Brown refused to continue. Joe Meert of ''
Gondwana Research ''Gondwana Research'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal with an "all earth science" scope and an emphasis on the origin and evolution of continents. It is part of the Elsevier Elsevier ( ) is a Dutch academic publishing company specializi ...
'', a journal promoting research related to the origin and evolution of
continent A continent is any of several large geographical regions. Continents are generally identified by convention (norm), convention rather than any strict criteria. A continent could be a single large landmass, a part of a very large landmass, as ...
s, alleges he "signed a contract" for such a debate with Brown in 2000. He says Brown disputed the terms of the contract and it did not take place. Brown stated on his website that the actual reason for the debate not taking place was that the Meert wanted to add religion and since Dr. Brown is not a theologian, he wanted the debate to be strictly science. According to
Georgia State University Georgia State University (Georgia State, State, or GSU) is a Public university, public research university in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. Founded in 1913, it is one of the University System of Georgia's four research universities. It is al ...
biology professor Fred K. Parrish, who afterwards said he was "tricked" into an April 1985 public debate with Brown, says Brown has a set of preconditions (such as Brown speaks first, the debate moderator sits on his side, and all debate material would be scientific, not religious in nature).''I Was Suckered Into A Debate—And Survived!''
Fred K. Parrish, Creation/Evolution, XXII, 1988.


Bibliography

*''In the Beginning: Compelling Evidence for Creation and the Flood'', Center for Scientific Creation (8th edn ).


References


External links


Center for Scientific Creation

Online version of Walt Brown's book In the Beginning




by Joyce Arthur

by Glen Kuban {{DEFAULTSORT:Brown, Walt 1937 births American Christian Young Earth creationists Living people MIT School of Engineering alumni